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Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

What are the 10 types of energy?

A 
Magnetic
Kinetic
Heat
Light
Gravitational potential 
Chemical
Sound
Electric
Elastic
Nuclear
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2
Q

What are the four types of energy transfer?

A

Waves
Heating
Electrical current
Mechanical

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3
Q

In order to ________ energy stores, energy must be ____________ between stores.

A

Increase, transferred.

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4
Q

What are the five energy demands?

A 
Electrical devices
Hot water
Heating buildings
Cooking
Transport
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5
Q

What percentage of the worlds energy demand uses fossil fuels?

A

86%.

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6
Q

What are advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A 
• reliable.
• short start up time.
• good to meet basic demand.
——————————————————
•pollution; CO2 retains heat and contributes to global warming whilst SO2 produces acid rain.
• non-renewable.
• costs are increasing as they run out.
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7
Q

What are advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power?

A

• reliable.
• no CO2 or SO2 produced.
• Meets basic demand.
• more energy produced than fossil fuels.
——————————————————
• radioactive materials produced and are dangerous.
• radioactive waste products need to be disposed of.
• expensive to decommission.
• nuclear accidents.
• non-renewable.

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8
Q

What is bio-fuel?

A

Bio-fuel is a carbon neutral fuel taken from living or recently living organisms. They can be used instead of fossil fuels.

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9
Q

What are advantages and disadvantages of bio-fuel?

A 
• can be used in vehicles.
• carbon neutral.
• renewable. 
• less SO2 produced.
• food for economy grown in.
——————————————————
• lower energy output.
• using crops for fuel instead of food.
• uses farmland.
• increase in food prices.
• requires water conservation.
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10
Q

What is an open system?

A

A system where energy can be transferred into and out of it.

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11
Q

What is a closed system?

A

No energy can be transferred in or out of it.

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12
Q

What is work?

A

Work is moving an object with applied force.

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13
Q

What is the equation for work?

A

W=FD

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14
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

Ek= 0.5 x m x v^2

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15
Q

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

A

Ee= 0.5 x k x e^2

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16
Q

What is useful energy?

A

Energy transferred to where it is wanted and in the form it is wanted.

17
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

SHC is about a particular amount of heat energy that something can have.

18
Q

What is friction?

A

An opposing force to the direction of movement when two surfaces are in contact.

19
Q

What happens conduction?

A

Heat causes conduction electrons to move faster. They collide with metal ions and transfer their energy. This only occurs in solids.

20
Q

What happens in convection?

A

Particles in warm air and in warm liquids gain energy and spread out. Warm air becomes less dense and rises.

21
Q

What happens in radiation?

A

Radiation travels in electromagnetic waves. All objects emit infra-red radiation. Dark, dull surfaces are good absorbers and emitters.

22
Q

When is coal, oil and natural gases estimated to run out?

A

Coal= 100 years
Oil= 50 years
Natural gasses= 80 years

23
Q

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

A

Ep= mgh

24
Q

What is the law of C.E.?

A

Energy can only be transferred or stored. You cannot create or destroy energy.

25
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Useful energy out
————————–x 100
Total energy in

26
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

Energy stored in a system when work is done to change its shape.

27
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

A variable that you change.

28
Q

What is the dependant variable?

A

The variable you measure.

29
Q

What is the control variable?

A

The variable you keep the same so that your results are fair.

30
Q

What is the application of thermal conductivity?

A

How good a substance is at conducting heat.

31
Q

What is proportional, inversely proportional and directional proportion?

A

Proportional= 1 up, 1 up
Inversely proportional= 1 up, 1 down
Directly proportional= going up by same amount

Physics (4 decks)

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