Energy Flashcards
Potential Energy
energy that has been charged or under stress and can produce energy from that thing
kinetic energy
the energy of movement or moving objects.
conduction
conduction: transfer of heat through collisions between particles
insulators
insulators: a material that is a poor conductor of heat
convection
convection: transfer of heat through the flow of particles
radiant heat
radiant heat: heat transferred by radiation, as from the sun to the Earth
nuclear energy
nuclear energy: the energy stored at the centre of atoms, the tiny particles that make up all substances. Nuclear energy can be released from the radioactive metals uranium or plutonium, and transformed into electrical energy in a nuclear power station.
movement
an act of moving.
chemical energy
chemical energy: potential energy derived from chemical reactions
electrical energy
electrical energy: the energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor
sound
vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person’s or animal’s ear.
gravitational energy
gravitational potential energy: energy stored due to the height of an object above a base level
light
the natural agent that stimulates sight and makes things visible.
law of conservation of energy
Law of Conservation of Energy: a law that states that energy cannot be made or lost. However, energy can be transformed from one type to another or transferred from one object to another.
elastic potential energy
elastic potential energy: the potential energy stored in a stretched elastic material
efficiency
efficiency: the fraction of energy supplied to a device as useful energy. It is usually expressed as a percentage.
reflected
reflected: bounced off
transmited
transmitted: passed through something, such as light or sound passing through air
absorbed
absorbed: taken in
radiation
radiation: a method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one place to another
deciduous
deciduous: describes plants that lose their leaves during autumn and winter
luminous
luminous: releasing its own light
incandescent
incandescent: describes objects that emit light when they are hot
bioluminescent
bioluminescent: describes living things that release light energy
non-luminous
non-luminous: describes objects that do not emit their own light, but can be seen by reflected light
scattered
scattered: describes light sent in many directions by small particles within a substance
visible spectrum
visible spectrum: different colours that combine to make up white light; they are separated in rainbows
dispersion
dispersion: separation of the colours that make up white light. Each colour is bent differently when it enters or leaves a glass prism.
electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation: the radiant energy such as radio waves, infrared, visible light, X-rays and gamma rays released by magnetic or electric fields
electromagnetic spectrum
electromagnetic spectrum: complete range of wavelengths of energy radiated as electric and magnetic fields
radio waves
radio waves: low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light
infra-red radiation
infra-red radiation: low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light
ultraviolet
ultraviolet radiation: invisible radiation similar to light but with a slightly higher frequency and more energy
X-rays
X-rays: high energy electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted through solids and provide information about their structure
gamma rays
gamma rays: high energy electromagnetic radiation produced during the nuclear reaction
rays
rays: the narrow beam of light
concave
concave: refers to a lens that is curved inwards
convex
convex: refers to a lens that is curved outwards
focal point
focal point: the point where light rays ‘close in’ (converge) towards a point
lateral inversion
lateral inversion: sideways reversal of images in a mirror
refraction
refraction: change in the speed of light as it passes from one substance into another. It usually involves a change in direction.
normal
normal: a line is drawn perpendicular to a surface at the point where a light ray meets it
image
image: picture of an object
retina
retina: curved surface at the back of the eye. It is lined with sight receptors.
optic nerve
optic nerve: large nerve that sends signals to the brain from the sight receptors in the retina
cornea
cornea: clear, curved outer surface of the eye
