Energy Flashcards
What are some examples of anabolic reactions?
The building of complex molecules; requires energy (building muscles).
What are some examples of catabolic reactions?
The spontaneous breaking down of molecules; does not require energy (digestion).
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy changes form; it is never created or destroyed.
What is entropy?
A measurement of the disorder in the universe.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Order cannot be created without disorder.
Active site
Pockets on enzymes where substrates attach.
How can enzymes be shut off?
Enzyme inhibitors attach to active sites blocking substrates and preventing reactions.
ATP
Powers all cellular work
What’s the process of cellular respiration?
Breaking down glucose for energy consumption; takes place in the mitochondria.
Chemical formula for cellular respiration
C6H12O6+6O2 = 6CO2+6H2O = 32ATP
1st step of cellular respiration
Glycolysis; glucose molecule is split in half (2 pyruvic acids) and two ATPs are created.
2nd step of cellular respiration
Kreb’s cycle; pyruvic acids are broken down into 6 carbon dioxide molecules and 6 water molecules. 30 ATPs are created (32 total)
What steps of cellular respiration occur anaerobically?
Glycolysis & Kreb’s
Lactic acid
Fermentation of muscle cells; when oxygen supply is low cells cannot release energy during CR and lactic acid is created.
Ethanol
Fermentation of yeast cells; when oxygen supply is low yeast cells cannot release energy resulting in ethanol.
