energy Flashcards
Energy
the ability to do work
Potential energy
Energy an object has due to its shape or position/ stored energy/ heigh and potential energy both go up together
Kinetic energy
The energy of motion
Kinetic energy molecules/temp
As an object increases in temp, the molecules will move with more energy and faster
PE and KE relationship
As PE decreases KE will increase
electromagnetic energy
various forms of both visible and invisible light emitted by stars. Gamma rays to radio waves
Wavelengths
Short wavelength: high energy
Long wavelengths: low energy
Frequency
The number of waves that pass a given point in a given time. Wave length increase: frequency decrease
Wave lenth decrease: frequencey increases.
Different elcotromagnetic waves
refracted(bent), reflected, scattered, transmitted(pass through), absorbed
Absorbs more radiation
Darker colors, rougher surface
reflects
light colors, smooth surface
Insolation
incoming solar radiation. Measure of the solar radiation received on a given area in a given time. Usually in the form of visible light (UV + AR rays)
Terretrail radiation
At night heat energy is re-radiated from the ground back to the atmosphere.
Temperature
The average kinectic energy of the molecules of a substance. How fast molecules are moving.
Absolute 0
0 K
Water freezes/melts temp.
0 degrees celsius
Water boils
100 degrees celsius
Heat
Total energy of a substance. Measured with calories or joules. One calorie means the heat needed to raise the temp of one gram of liquid by one degree celsius.
Transfer of energy
Heat energy will flow from an area of high concentration(source) to an area of low concentration(sink)
Conduction
Direct contance molecules. Solids/especially metals
Convection
Transfer of heat by molecules flowing due to differene in density (liquids and gases).
Radiation
transfers by electromagnetic waves of energy (travel through gases, liquids and some solids
specific heat
amount of joules required to raise the temp of one gram of that substance by one degree celsius
high specific heat
Heat up and cool down: slowly
Needs a lot of heat energy added to raise the temp.
Low specific heat
heat up and coold down quickly
needs just a little heat energy added to raise the temp
Latent heat
amount of energy in the form of heat that is released or gained by a substance during a phase change. Latent means hidden. Heat that flows from/to a materials without change in temp. Heat will only change phase of material
Melting
Solid to liquid.
vaporiation
liquid/solid into gas
condensation
water vapor turning into liquid water
freezing
liquid to solid
sublimation
when a solid turns directly into a gas/ heat added
