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Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is speed?

A

Speed is a measure of how fast an object moves. It is the measure of distance traveled over a given time.

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2
Q

What is the formula

A

Speed= distance/time

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3
Q

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

A

Speed is a measure of how fast something is going.

Velocity is how fast something is changing its position in a certain direction.

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4
Q

What is the units of energy?

A

Joules (J)

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5
Q

What is the unit of force?

A

Newtons (N)

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6
Q

What is independent, dependent and controlled variable?

A

Independent variable is things you are changing in a investigation.

Dependent variable is the one you measure in an investigation.

Control variable is one you keep the same.

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7
Q

What is Kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy is the energy generated by a moving object due to it’s motion.

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8
Q

What is gravitational potential energy

A

Gravitational potential energy is the energy of an object due to its position in the gravitational field.
(due to its height and mass)

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9
Q

What is chemical potential energy

A

Chemical potential energy is a form of energy that is stored in chemical bonds and can be released through a chemical reaction.

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10
Q

What is magnetic energy

A

The energy stored when repelling poles that have been pushed closed together or when attracting poles that have been pulled further apart.

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11
Q

What is electrostatic energy

A

The energy stored when repelling charges have been moved closer together or when attracting charges have been pulled further apart.

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12
Q

What is elastic energy

A

The energy stored in an object when it is stretched or squashed.

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13
Q

What is nuclear energy

A

Energy stored in the nucleus of atoms. It is released when atoms are split.

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14
Q

What is thermal energy

A

Heat energy is a measure of the energy in an object due to the movement and arrangement of its particles. (vibration)

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15
Q

What is energy

A

Energy is the ability to do work. It is a measure of the ability of a system to perform work.

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16
Q

What is energy transfer

A

Energy is changing from store to store.

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17
Q

What are 4 ways that energy transfers?

A
  1. Work
  2. Heating
  3. Electricity
  4. Waves
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18
Q

What is work energy transfer method?

A

Work is when a force moves an object through distance.

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19
Q

What is heating energy transfer method?

A

Eh or Q

When energy flows from hot to cold objects.

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20
Q

What is electricity energy transfer method?

A

E elast

When energy is transferred by electric current

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21
Q

What is waves energy transfer?

A

by sound and electromagenetic radiation.

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22
Q

What is energy bar charts

A

Energy bar charts (LOL charts) display all the types of energy present in a simple block bar chart at a particular time at start (initial) to the end (final).

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23
Q

What is the conservation of energy

A

The law of conservation of energy states how energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change from one form to another.

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24
Q

What is light energy

A

Light energy is energy by electrogomagnetic waves and light waves.

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25
Q

What is electrical energy

A

movement of electrons?

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26
Q

What is sound energy

A

Sound energy is give as sound waves when something vibrates.

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27
Q

What is a friction?

A

Friction is a force that oppose motion. It takes kinetic energy and transfer it to heat and sound energy.

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28
Q

Define open and closed systems

A

An open system is where energy can enter and exit the system to the environment.

Closed system is when energy or matter cannot enter or exit the system.

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29
Q

5 potential energy types

A
  1. Chemical potential energy
  2. Gravitational potential energy
  3. Nuclear energy
  4. Elastic potential energy
  5. Electrical energy
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30
Q

3 kinetic energy types

A
  1. Kinetic energy
  2. Light energy
  3. Sound energy
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31
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity squared

Ek= 1/2mv2

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32
Q

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy

A

Gravitational energy= mass x gravitational field strength x change in height

Egp= mgh

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33
Q

What is mechanical energy?

A

Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and gravitational potential energy.

kinetic + gravitational potential energy = mechanical energy

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34
Q

What is the gravitational field strength?

A

Gravitational field strength is a measure of how much force an object with mass experiences at a particular location due to gravity.

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35
Q

What is gravity?

A

Gravity is a force of attraction between 2 objects

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36
Q

what is work?

A

In physics work is defined as the transfer of energy to or from an object due to a force moving it a distance in direction of the force.

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37
Q

What is the equation of work?

A

W= force x distance

38
Q

What is force?

A

A force is a push or pull of an object. It is measured in Newtons.

39
Q

What is energy efficiency?

A

Energy efficiency is defined as the ratio of useful output energy to the total input energy in a system. This measure indicates how effectively a system converts input energy to output energy.

40
Q

What is a system

A

A system is an object/s, so it is all the things that are included or interact with each other to do a work.

41
Q

What happens when there is a change to a system?

A

When there is a change to a system, energy is transferred.

42
Q

How many energy stores are there?

A

There are 8 energy stores:

  1. Kinetic
  2. Gravitational
  3. Elastic
  4. Magnetic
  5. Thermal
  6. Electrostatic
  7. Chemical
  8. Nuclear
43
Q

When does objects have energy in their kinetic store?

A

Moving objects have energy in their kinetic store

44
Q

When does objects have energy in the gravitational potential energy store?

A

Objects gain energy in their gravitational potential store when they are lifted through a gravitational field.

45
Q

When does objects have energy in their elastic potential energy store?

A

Objects have energy in their elastic potential store if they are stretched, squashed or bent.

46
Q

When does objects have energy in their magnetic store?

A

Magnetic materials interacting with each other have energy in their magnetic store

47
Q

When does objects have energy in their electrostatic energy store?

A

Objects with charge (like electrons and protons) interacting with one another have energy in their electrostatic store

48
Q

When does objects have energy in their chemical store?

A

Chemical reactions transfer energy into or away from a substance’s chemical store.

49
Q

When does objects have energy in their nuclear store?

A

Atomic nuclei release energy from their nuclear store during nuclear reactions

50
Q

When does objects have energy in their thermal store?

A

All objects have energy in their thermal store, the hotter the object, the more energy it has in this store.

51
Q

What is motion?

A
52
Q

What is the difference between mass and weight?

A

Mass is the amount of matter an object contains.
Weight is the downwards force of an object due to gravity.

53
Q

Whenever n object is heated?

A

Energy is transfered into its thermal store

54
Q

What are the 3 process of heating?

A
  1. Conduction
  2. Convection
  3. Radiation
55
Q

What is conduction?

A

Conduction is a heat transfer process through direct contact between particles of a substance. During conduction thermal energy is transferred from vibration of particles.

56
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

Thermal conductivity is how well an object transfer energy by conduction.

57
Q

What is convection?

A

Convection is a heat transfer due to movement of particles by convection current. So, the warmer particles are less dense so they rise above and the cooler particles sink down. And then the hotter particles at the top will loose its energy and cool down and the cooler particles at the bottom heats up. This cycle is convection current.

58
Q

What is radiation?

A

Radiation is a transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum.

59
Q

What is a vacuum?

A

A vacuum is a space without matter or air particles.

60
Q

What is density?

A

Density is a measure of how much mass a substance has, per unit of its volume. D= M/v

61
Q

What is internal energy?

A

Internal energy is the energy stored by the particles making up a system.

62
Q

What is specific heat capcity?

A

The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature to 1kg of a substance of 1 degree Celsius.

63
Q

What is the equation of thermal energy?

A

Thermal energy= mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change.

64
Q

What is electricity?

A

Electricity is a form of energy that involves the movement of electrons from one atom to another.

65
Q

What is the difference between insulator and conductor?

A

An insulator is a material which does not allow electrons to pass along it.

A conductor is a material which allows electrons to pass.

66
Q

What is current electricity?

A

Current electricity is moving and it is where electrons are flowing through a conductor in a closed circuit.

67
Q

What is static electricity?

A

Static electricity is not moving. It is where electrons collect on the surface of an object.

68
Q

What is power source/cells purpose?

A

The power source provides electrical energy.

69
Q

What is the circuit/wires function?

A

The circuit/wires provides a path for charged particles.

70
Q

What is a light bulb’s purpose?

A

A light bulb converts the electrical energy into heat and light energy.

71
Q

What is a switch’s purpose?

A

A switch opens and closes the circuit.

72
Q

What is the ammeter’s purpose?

A

The ammeter measures the current.

73
Q

What is the volmeters purpose?

A

The volmeter measures the voltage.

74
Q

What are resistors?

A

Resistors reduce the current flow.

75
Q

What is a series circuit?

A

A series circuit has only one path, all components are connected end-to-end forming a single path for current to flow.

76
Q

What is parallel circuit?

A

A parallel circuit has more than one path.

77
Q

What is current?

A

Current is the rate of flow charges.

78
Q

What is voltage?

A

Voltage is the potential terminal difference from 2 points.

79
Q

What is a dioide?

A

A diode is a component that lets current to travel only in one direction.

80
Q

How is current and voltage in series circuit?

A

In series circuit the current is constant, as it is one pathways so same flow one charges.

The total voltage by the power sources is divided by each component.

81
Q

what is the formula for resistors of series circuits?

A

Resistors in series circuit is the sum of all resistors. Thus, more resistors means more resistance.

R1 + R2 + …. Rn

82
Q

What is the formula for resistors in parallel circuits

A

In parallel the more resistors means the smaller the resistance.

As we turn all the resistor values inverse and add them together. Then get the final answer and flip it again.

83
Q

How is the ammeter and volmeter seted up as in the circuit?

A

The ammeter is connected as series.

The volmeter is connected as parallel.

84
Q

What is power?

A
85
Q

Power formula?

A

P= VI

or

P= E/t

86
Q

How does voltage determines power?

A

Voltage detemines the power because the more volatge means more power according to the formular p=vI.

87
Q

Advantages and disadvantages in series circuits

A

Ads:
- Easy
- Less wire and energy required.
- Saves power

However, if one component breaks the whole circuit won’t operate.
- The power is less and the components will be dimmer/weaker because voltage is shared across all componenets.

88
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of parallel circuits?

A

Ads:
- If one component breaks the other components will still operate.

  • The components wil have more power and the bulbs will be more stronger.

Dis:
- Requires lots of wires
- Complicated paths
- More power required.

89
Q

What is specific Heat Capacity?

A

Specific Heat capacity is the amount of energy required for 1 kg of a substance to raise by 1 degree celcius.

kg/J c

90
Q

For any energy transfer (WORK, HEATING, ELECTRICITY & WAVES) ENERGY IS ALWAYS ADDED OR TAKEN OUT OF THE SYSTEM, SO THERE WILL BE CHANGE IN THE ENERGY OF THE SYSTEM AS IT IS AS THE ENERGY COME FROM OR TRANSFER TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE SYSTEM.

A
91
Q

WORK EXPLANATION

A

If the object increase its energy, then the energy comes from out side of the system, like through work (form). The force applied and the direction of the movement are the same direction; thus, work is done.

  • bar charts of work
  • W=fd - and the definition
  • energy changes (total energy increase or decrease) due to energy adding or removing from the system.
92
Q
A

Physics (6 decks)

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