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physics gcse > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the unit of force?

A

newtons

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2
Q

what is the unit of energy?

A

joules

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3
Q

what is the unit of distance?

A

metres

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4
Q

what is the unit of mass?

A

kg

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5
Q

what is the unit of strength of gravity?

A

newtons / kg

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6
Q

what is the unit of height?

A

metres

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7
Q

what is the principle of conservation of energy?

A

energy is never created or destroyed, only transferred between different energy stores

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8
Q

what is a system?

A

object or group of objects that interact

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9
Q

what is wasted energy?

A

energy dissipated to surroundings

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10
Q

when work is done against frictional forces acting on an object, what happens to the temperature?

A

it rises

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11
Q

what are the 8 energy stores?

A
  • thermal (internal)
  • kinetic
  • gravitational potential
  • elastic potential
  • chemical
  • magnetic
  • electrostatic
  • nuclear
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12
Q

what is the thermal (internal) energy store?

A

the total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object/system

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13
Q

what is the kinetic energy store?

A

energy of a moving object.

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14
Q

what is the gravitational potential energy store?

A

energy of an object at height.

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15
Q

what is the elastic potential energy store?

A

energy stored when an object is stretched or squashed.

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16
Q

what is the chemical energy store?

A

energy stored in chemical bonds, such as those between molecules

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17
Q

what is the magnetic energy store?

A

energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled further apart.

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18
Q

what is the electrostatic energy store?

A

energy stored when repelling charges have been moved closer together or when attracting charges have been pulled further apart.

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19
Q

what is the nuclear energy store?

A

energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

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20
Q

what are the 4 energy transfer methods?

A
  • mechanical work
  • electrical work
  • heating
  • radiation
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21
Q

what is mechanical work?

A

force moving an object through a distance

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22
Q

what is electrical work?

A

charges moving due to a potential difference

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23
Q

how does heating transfer energy?

A

due to temperature difference caused electrically or by chemical reaction

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24
Q

how does radiation transfer energy?

A

energy transferred as a wave

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25
Q

what is Specific heat capacity?

A

the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree celsius

26
Q

describe the process of conduction

A
  • energy makes the ions in the rod vibrate faster
  • as ions in the solid metal are close together, this increased vibration means that they collide with neighbouring ions more frequently
  • energy is passed on through the metal by these collisions, transmitting the energy
  • more frequent collisions increase the rate of transfer.
27
Q

what are renewable energy resources?

A

resources that can be replenished as they are used

28
Q

what is a a non-renewable energy resource?

A

a resource which cannot be replenished

29
Q

what are 2 non-renewable energy resources?

A
  • fossil fuels
  • nuclear fuel
30
Q

what energy store are fossil fuels?

A

chemical

31
Q

what energy store is nuclear fuel?

A

nuclear

32
Q

what are 2 advantages of using fossil fuels?

A
  • very reliable
  • high power output
33
Q

what is a disadvantage of using fossil fuels?

A

releases CO2

34
Q

what are 2 advantages of using nuclear fuel?

A
  • very reliable
  • very high power output
35
Q

what is a disadvantage of using nuclear fuel?

A

dangerous radioactive waste

36
Q

list as many renewable energy sources as you can.

A
  • biofuel
  • wind
  • hydroelectricity
  • geothermal
  • tidal
  • solar
  • water waves
37
Q

what energy store does biofuel use?

A

chemical

38
Q

what are 3 advantages of using biofuel?

A
  • reliable
  • medium power output
  • low negative impact - carbon neutral
39
Q

what energy store does wind power use?

A

kinetic

40
Q

what are 4 disadvantages of wind power?

A
  • unreliable as it depends on weather
  • low power output
  • take up large areas of land
  • birds can be killed
41
Q

what energy store does hydroelectricity use?

A

gravitational potential

42
Q

what are 2 advantages of hydroelectricity?

A
  • very reliable
  • medium power output
43
Q

what is a disadvantage of hydroelectricity?

A

big areas must be flooded to build dams

44
Q

what energy store does geothermal use?

A

thermal

45
Q

what are 3 advantages of geothermal energy?

A
  • reliable
  • medium power output
  • very low negative impact
46
Q

what is a disadvantage of geothermal energy?

A

not available everywhere

47
Q

what is the energy store of tidal energy?

A

kinetic

48
Q

what are 2 advantages of using tidal energy?

A
  • very reliable
  • very high power output
49
Q

what are 2 disadvantages of using tidal energy?

A
  • hard to harness
  • tidal barrages can negatively affect birds feeding on mud flats
50
Q

what energy store does solar energy use?

A

nuclear

51
Q

what is an advantage of solar energy?

A

low negative impact

52
Q

what are 3 disadvantages of solar energy?

A
  • very unreliable as dependent on weather
  • low power output
  • large areas necessary
53
Q

what energy store do water waves use?

A

kinetic

54
Q

what are 2 disadvantages of using water waves for energy?

A
  • unreliable as weather dependent
  • low power output
55
Q

what is an advantage of using water waves for energy?

A

very low negative impact

56
Q

what does ‘doing work’ on a system do?

A

increases the energy stored in a system

57
Q

what can unwanted energy transfers be reduced by?

A
  • lubrication
  • tightening any loose parts
  • thermal insulation
58
Q

how does lubrication reduce unwanted energy transfers?

A

reduces the friction that produces heat

59
Q

how does tightening loose parts reduce unwanted energy transfers?

A

prevents unwanted vibration that wastes energy as sound

60
Q

how does thermal insulation reduce unwanted energy transfers?

A

reduces heat loss

physics gcse (13 decks)

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