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Physics paper 1 > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

what’s the law of conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed
only transferred from one store to another

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2
Q

what are examples of energy stores

A

thermal
kinetic
magnetic
gravitational potential
elastic
electrostatic
chemical

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3
Q

what’s the equation for kinetic energy

A

1/2 mass x velocity ^2

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4
Q

what’s the equation for gravitational potential energy

A

mass x gfs x height

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5
Q

equation for elastic energy

A

1/2 spring constant x extension ^2

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6
Q

what’s a system

A

an object or group of objects

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7
Q

what happens when system changes

A

energy is transferred

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8
Q

what’s internal energy

A

total energy stored by the particles making up a system or substance

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9
Q

what does internal energy consist of

A

potential energy stores
kinetic energy atores

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10
Q

what’s specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1Kg of a substance by 1•C

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11
Q

what’s the equation for specific heat capacity

A

energy= mass x SHC x change in temp

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12
Q

where is energy lost

A

in surroundings

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13
Q

what is power

A

the rate at which energy is transferred
OR THHE RATE AT WHCIH WORK IS DONE

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14
Q

what’s the equation for power

A

power= energy/ time
OR
power= work done/time

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15
Q

how does lubrication prevent energy loss

A

oil in a motor e.g
reduces friction by making the object soft and slippery
therefor less energy is lost (heat)

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16
Q

how does thermal insulation prevent heat loss

A

thick walls
double glazed windows
reduces conduction

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17
Q

The higher the thermal conductivity…..

A

the more easier that heat is allowed to travel through material

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18
Q

what are energy sources used for

A

transport
electricity generation
heating

19
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy

A

bad- not the most reliable e.g solar dosent work in bad weather

bad- cannot provide large amounts of energy so easily

good- can be replenished as it’s used

20
Q

what are some examples of renewable energy

A

biofuel
wind
solar

21
Q

what are disadvantages of non renewable

A

produces more waste
releases harmful emissions

22
Q

what is an advantage of non renewable energy

A

can produce large amounts

23
Q

what are some examples of non renewable energy

A

fossil fuels
nuclear fuels

24
Q

what are some ways to transfer energy stores

A

mechanically- e.g physically pulling on an elastic band
Electrically- e.g plugging in a lamp
Heating
Or by radiation - light or sound waves

25
Q

What happens when energy is transferred in a open system

A

it can exchange energy with the outside and can lose or gain energy from surroundings

26
Q

what happens when energy is in closed system

A

no matter or energy can enter the system
so overall change is 0

27
Q

what’s an example of transferring energy

A

plugging in a kettle
Electrical energy is transferred electrically to the thermal energy into the kettle and therefore into water

28
Q

what is mechanical work done

A

the force used to move an object

29
Q

what is electrical work done -

A

When current flows and energy is required to overcome the resistance in wires

30
Q

what happens when particles are heated

A

tranfers energy to kinetic energy store through heating

31
Q

what does temperature mean

A

average internal energy in a substance

32
Q

How do you turn Kj into J

A

X 1000

33
Q

how do you turn g into kg

A

divide by 1000

34
Q

how do you avoid losing heat energy to surroundings

A

insulate it
use a lid for a closed container

35
Q

when is work done used

A

when force is used to move an object

36
Q

what’s the diffrence bettween energy transferred and work done

A

energy transferred does not require force or movement

37
Q

what is time measured in

A

Seconds

38
Q

what are some ways to reduce unwanted energy transfers (e.g heat loss)

A

Thermal insulation
Lubrication

39
Q

What are some ways to reduce convection ( heat transferred by liquid or gas)

A

Seal closed on house so air isn’t able to escape
Insulating foam inside cavity walls

40
Q

What are some ways to reduce conduction( heat transfer through as solid)

A

Thick walls
Two layers of brick (cavity walls)
double glazed windows

41
Q

how does lubricatjng objects reduce friction

A

makes it soft and slippery
so less force/ work done has to be done

42
Q

What’s the disadvantage of friction

A

Reduces efficiency
Heats up

43
Q

what is energy mostly used for

A

transport (oil for cars)
domestic uses e.g cooking and heating

Physics paper 1 (4 decks)

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