Energy Flashcards
What types of organisms need energy?
All living things.
What is the first step of the food path?
The food is eaten.
What is the second step of the food path?
Food is broken down into smaller molecules by the digestive system.
What is the third step of the food path?
Food molecules travel through the bloodstream to the cells of your body.
What is the fourth step of the food path?
Cells use the food molecules to release the energy.
What is the energy bank?
Cells either use the energy or store it.
What does the energy bank depend on?
How active the cell is.
What is cellular respiration?
The process where cells break down food molecules and convert that energy into a usable form called ATP.
What does cellular respiration create?
ATP.
What do cells need?
Energy in the form of ATP.
What does the entire process of cellular respiration need?
Oxygen.
What is the first stage of cellular respiration called?
Glycolysis.
What happens in the first stage of cellular respiration?
Glucose molecules are broken into smaller molecules.
Where does glycolysis happen?
The cytoplasm.
How much ATP does glycolysis produce?
A little.
Is oxygen needed for the first stage of cellular respiration?
No.
What happens in the second stage of cellular respiration?
Smaller molecules are broken down further.
How much ATP does the second stage of cellular respiration produce?
A lot.
Where does the second stage of cellular respiration happen?
The mitochondria.
Is the second stage of cellular respiration aerobic or anaerobic?
Aerobic.
What is the cellular respiration equation in words?
Glucose+Oxygen–>Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy
What is the chemical formula of cellular respiration?
C6H12O6+6O6–>6CO2+6H20+Energy
What is fermentation?
An energy releasing process that doesn’t require oxygen.
How much energy is created during fermentation compared to cellular respiration?
Not as much.
Where does fermentation occur?
The cytoplasm.
Why might plants living in the shade grow larger leaves than those in the sun?
Because they need to get as much sunlight as possible in their location.
What is photosynthesis?
The process through which autotrophs convert sunlight energy into chemical energy (glucose).
How does photosynthesis happen?
Through a series of chemical reactions.
What does photosynthesis store?
Energy in the form of organic compounds (glucose).
What’s the photosynthesis equation in words?
Sunlight+Water+Carbon Dioxide–>Glucose+Oxygen
What’s the photosynthesis equation formula?
Sunlight+6H2O+6CO2–>C6H12O6+6O2
What’s the first stage of photosynthesis called?
Light reactions.
What happens in the first stage of photosynthesis?
Light energy is absorbed and turned into chemical energy (ATP).
Where is the light energy absorbed?
Pigments in the chloroplasts.
Where does Light Reactions happen?
The chloroplasts.
What is a pigment?
A compound that absorbs light.
What’s an example of a pigment?
Chlorophyll.
Why do plants often appear green?
Chlorophyll is absorbing most of the other colors and is reflecting green.
What’s the second stage of photosynthesis called?
Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle).
What happens in the second stage of photosynthesis?
Chemical energy (ATP) is used to make organic compounds (glucose).
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
To make ATP for your cells.
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen.
What are the products of cellular respiration?
ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
What type of organisms go through cellular respiration?
All organisms.
What form of energy do all cells need?
ATP.
Why is breathing is essential for cellular respiration?
Because you need to take oxygen in and breathe carbon dioxide out.
Why is fermentation not efficient?
Because not as much energy is created compared to cellular respiration.
How is fermentation similar to cellular respiration?
It’s basically the same as glycolysis because it doesn’t need oxygen, takes place in the cytoplasm, and doesn’t produce much ATP.
How is fermentation different from cellular respiration?
It doesn’t need oxygen, takes place only in the cytoplasm, and doesn’t make much ATP, which is the opposite from stage two of cellular respiration. It also uses bacteria and yeast, and creates ethanol and lactic acid.
What’s the purpose of photosynthesis?
To create chemical energy in the form of glucose.
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
Sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen.
What role do pigments play in photosynthesis?
They absorb the sunlight.
What types of organisms go through photosynthesis?
Autotrophs/producers.
Why is photosynthesis important for all living things and not just plants?
Because it creates glucose, which all things need to convert into ATP in order to survive.
Carbon dioxide is a product of what?
Cellular respiration.
What happens in the cytoplasm and mitochondria?
Cellular respiration.
Where is oxygen given off?
Photosynthesis.
What makes glucose?
Photosynthesis.
What uses light energy?
Photosynthesis.
What uses chlorophyll?
Photosynthesis.
What includes glycolysis?
Cellular respiration.
What captures energy in chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis.
What turns food into ATP?
Cellular respiration.
What is required for all life on Earth?
Cellular respiration.
