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physics paper 1 > energy > Flashcards

energy Flashcards

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1
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

kinetic energy is the energy stored in moving objects

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2
Q

what is the formula for kinetic energy

A

0.5 * mass * velocity^2

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3
Q

if a car is moving at 15 m/s with a mass of 900 kg how much kinetic energy does the car have

A

0.5900(15^2) = 101250

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4
Q

what is elastic potential energy

A

it is the energy stored in a spring when it is stretched

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5
Q

what is the relation between extension and the force applied to the spring

A

they are directly proportional until it reaches the limit of proportionality when the spring will eventually break (stretch without returning back to its original shape) this is the elastic limit of the spring

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6
Q

what is the formula for elastic potential energy (given in the exam)

A

Elastic potential energy = 0.5 * spring constant (N/m) * extension squared (m)

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7
Q

what is gravitational potential energy

A

it is the energy stored due to its position above the earths surface

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8
Q

what is the formula for gravitational potential energy

A

gravitational potential energy = mass(kg) * gravitational field strength (N/Kg and is 9.8 on earth) * height (m)

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9
Q

what is specific heat capacity

A

it is the amount of energy to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

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10
Q

what is the the formula for specific heat capacity

A

change in thermal energy (J) = mass (kg) * specific heat capacity (J/Kg °C) * change in temperature

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11
Q

what is the Law of conservation of energy

A

Law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred

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12
Q

what is a system

A

a system is an object or a group of objects

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13
Q

what is a closed system

A

in a closed system no energy can enter or leave

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14
Q

how can you reduce unwanted energy transfers in a cars wheel

A

by reducing friction which can be done using a lubricant or reducing the amount of air particles around the object

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15
Q

what is work

A

work is when energy is transferred from one source to another

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16
Q

what is mechanical work

A

it is using a force to move another object

17
Q

what is electrical work

A

it involves a current transferring energy

18
Q

what is the formula for work done

A

work done (J) = force (N) * distance (m)

19
Q

what are the equations for power

A

Power (W) = energy transferred (J) / time (s)

Power (W) = work done (J) / time (s)

20
Q

what is efficiency

A

it tells us what percentage of the energy we put into an appliance turns into useful energy

21
Q

what are the formulas for efficiency

A

useful output energy transfer / useful input energy transfer

useful power output / useful power input

22
Q

what is thermal conductivity

A

thermal conductivity relates to how easily energy is transferred by conduction through the material

23
Q

what is the formula for change in thermal energy

A

change in thermal energy (J) = mass(Kg) * specific heat capacity (J/Kg°C) * change in temperature (°C)

24
Q

how can heat loss be reduced

A

it can be reduced by using materials with low thermal conductivity

25
Q

what is the specific heat capacity of a substance

A

it is how much energy is needed to raise 1 kg of it by 1 degree Celsius

26
Q

what are the units of specific heat capacity

A

J/Kg°C

27
Q

what is an independent variable

A

the variable that is changed

28
Q

what is the dependent variable

A

the variable that is measured

29
Q

what is the control variable

A

the variable that stays the same

30
Q

what is the dependent variable

A

the variable that is measured

31
Q

what are the advantages of fossil fuels

A

they are reliable and release a great amount of energy. Fossil fuels are abundant and cheap and are versatile (can be used in many places as they are portable

32
Q

what are the disadvantages of fossil fuels

A

they release a lot of carbon dioxide, they are non renewable. they can release other pollutants such as carbon particles and nitrous oxides from diesel and sulfur dioxide from coal

33
Q

what is nuclear power

A

it is a non renewable source of energy that comes from radioactive sources such as uranium and plutonium

34
Q

what are the advantages of nuclear power

A

it does not release carbon dioxide and is very reliable

35
Q

what are the disadvantages of nuclear power

A

it contains harmful radioactive materials and if there is an accident it can be dangerous to the environment surrounding it. Nuclear power plants take very long to decommission and also generates radioactive waste that needs to be stored for thousands of years

36
Q

what are the advantages of gas fired power stations

A

they generate less CO2 than burning coal and are very flexible with a short start up time

physics paper 1 (5 decks)

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