Energy Flashcards
what are the 9 types of energy?
kinetic
- motion
- electrical
- electromagnetic radiation
- sound
- thermal
potential
- nuclear
- elastic
- gravitational
- chemical
what is kinetic energy?
- energy of motion
- contained in motion of an object or motion inside an object
what is potential energy?
- energy of position and is stored energy
- can be kept for a use at a later time
what is the law of conservation of energy?
- energy is never lost it just changes form from one type of energy to another
- energy in a system is neither created nor destroyed it just changes forms
what is a chain of energy conversions called?
-energy change
what is work?
-when a force is applied to an object and the object is displaced (moves) we say work is done on that object
what is the formula to calculate work?
W=F x d
examples of work not being done?
- force exerted does not make object move
- force exerted does not make object move in same direction
what is gravitational potential energy?
-energy stored due to an objects position
objects that are near the earths surface and fall with the same acceleration are called?
-acceleration due to gravity
what is acceleration due to gravity represented by?
-g=9.81 m/s²
what is the formula to calculate gravitational potential energy?
-Eg=m x g x Δh
what is energy?
-the ability to do work
what is the measurement for W/Eg?
-joules (J)
what is the total energy of the system?
-total E=KE+PE
what is the formula for kinetic energy?
Ek=1/2mv²
what is the formula for mass? EK
m=2 x Ek/v²
what is the formula for velocity?
v=√(2 x Ek/m)
when something is moving faster…
-it has more kinetic energy
when a moving object has a greater mass…
-it has a greater kinetic energy
what happens to particles in solids?
- vibrate slightly
- fixed position
- least amount of kinetic energy
what happens to particles in liquids?
- vibrate and move around withing set volume
- more KE than solids but less than gases
what happens to particles in gases?
- move around quickly and fill up all volume available
- no set volume of shape/takes up entire container
- has greatest kinetic energy
what is temperature?
- temperature is the average kinetic energy of all the particles of a substance
- measured using fahrenheit, celsius or kelvin scale
what is absolute zero?
-absolute zere is the temperature at which all particle motion would stop
what is absolute zero on the celsius scale?
(neg) -273.16 celsius
what is thermal energy?
-thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles in a substance
what is heat?
-heat is the amount of thermal energy that transfers from an area at a higher temperature to an area at a lower temperature
how can heat be transferred?
-conduction, convection, radiation
what is radiation?
- transfer of radiant energy by waves
- what we feel as heat is called infrared radiation
what is conduction?
- transfer of heat through direct contact
- heat transferred from area of high temp to area of low temp
examples of thermal conductors?
- copper
- silver
examples of thermal insulators?
-styrafoam, fur, plastics, air
what is convection?
-transfer of heat within fluids (liquids and gases)
what is the movement within a fluid due to differences in temperature called?
-convection current
what is calorimetry?
-measuring changes in heat due to physical or chemical changes
what is a calorimeter?
-a device used to measure the heat of reaction
what is used for combustion reactions?
-bomb calorimeter
what does the first chamber of the calorimeter contain?
-reaction being measured
what does the second chamber of the calorimeter contain?
-measured amount of water
what are the calorimeter chambers separated by?
-metal wall that conducts heat from reaction to the water without letting the water mix in
how is a calorimeter used?
- precise amount of water put into outside chamber. initial water temp recorded
- precise amount of chemicals being studied is placed in reaction chamber
- chemical reaction progress, water temp goes up or down
if the reaction in the reaction chamber is exothermic the heat?
-increases
if the reaction in the reaction chamber is endothermic the heat?
-decreases
what does the amount of energy transferred depend on?
- change in water temperature
- mass of the water
- specific heat capacity of the water
what is the specific heat capacity?
-the specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy needed to heat 1g of the substance by 1 degrees celsius
what is the specific heat capacity for water?
-4.184 J/g. degrees celsius
what is the equation to calculate heat transfer?
-Q=mcΔT
what is the measurment for Q?
-Joules (J)
what is the measurment for m?
-grams (g)
what is the measurment for c?
-J/g. degrees celsius
what is the measurment for ΔT?
-degrees celsius
what is the formula to solve for mass? (calorimeter unit)
-m=Q/(c x ΔT)
what is the formula to solve for heat capacity? (calorimeter unit)
-c=Q/(m x ΔT)
what is the formula to solve for change in temp? (calorimeter unit)
-ΔT=Q/(m x c)
what is the formula for change in temperature?
ΔT=Tfinal - Tinitial
what is the formula for final temperature?
Tfinal=ΔT + Tinitial
what is the formula for initial temperature?
Ti=Tfinal - ΔT
