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Science10 > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 9 types of energy?

A

kinetic

  • motion
  • electrical
  • electromagnetic radiation
  • sound
  • thermal

potential

  • nuclear
  • elastic
  • gravitational
  • chemical
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2
Q

what is kinetic energy?

A
  • energy of motion

- contained in motion of an object or motion inside an object

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3
Q

what is potential energy?

A
  • energy of position and is stored energy

- can be kept for a use at a later time

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4
Q

what is the law of conservation of energy?

A
  • energy is never lost it just changes form from one type of energy to another
  • energy in a system is neither created nor destroyed it just changes forms
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5
Q

what is a chain of energy conversions called?

A

-energy change

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6
Q

what is work?

A

-when a force is applied to an object and the object is displaced (moves) we say work is done on that object

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7
Q

what is the formula to calculate work?

A

W=F x d

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8
Q

examples of work not being done?

A
  • force exerted does not make object move

- force exerted does not make object move in same direction

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9
Q

what is gravitational potential energy?

A

-energy stored due to an objects position

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10
Q

objects that are near the earths surface and fall with the same acceleration are called?

A

-acceleration due to gravity

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11
Q

what is acceleration due to gravity represented by?

A

-g=9.81 m/s²

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12
Q

what is the formula to calculate gravitational potential energy?

A

-Eg=m x g x Δh

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13
Q

what is energy?

A

-the ability to do work

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14
Q

what is the measurement for W/Eg?

A

-joules (J)

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15
Q

what is the total energy of the system?

A

-total E=KE+PE

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16
Q

what is the formula for kinetic energy?

A

Ek=1/2mv²

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17
Q

what is the formula for mass? EK

A

m=2 x Ek/v²

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18
Q

what is the formula for velocity?

A

v=√(2 x Ek/m)

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19
Q

when something is moving faster…

A

-it has more kinetic energy

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20
Q

when a moving object has a greater mass…

A

-it has a greater kinetic energy

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21
Q

what happens to particles in solids?

A
  • vibrate slightly
  • fixed position
  • least amount of kinetic energy
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22
Q

what happens to particles in liquids?

A
  • vibrate and move around withing set volume

- more KE than solids but less than gases

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23
Q

what happens to particles in gases?

A
  • move around quickly and fill up all volume available
  • no set volume of shape/takes up entire container
  • has greatest kinetic energy
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24
Q

what is temperature?

A
  • temperature is the average kinetic energy of all the particles of a substance
  • measured using fahrenheit, celsius or kelvin scale
25
Q

what is absolute zero?

A

-absolute zere is the temperature at which all particle motion would stop

26
Q

what is absolute zero on the celsius scale?

A

(neg) -273.16 celsius

27
Q

what is thermal energy?

A

-thermal energy is the total energy of all the particles in a substance

28
Q

what is heat?

A

-heat is the amount of thermal energy that transfers from an area at a higher temperature to an area at a lower temperature

29
Q

how can heat be transferred?

A

-conduction, convection, radiation

30
Q

what is radiation?

A
  • transfer of radiant energy by waves

- what we feel as heat is called infrared radiation

31
Q

what is conduction?

A
  • transfer of heat through direct contact

- heat transferred from area of high temp to area of low temp

32
Q

examples of thermal conductors?

A
  • copper

- silver

33
Q

examples of thermal insulators?

A

-styrafoam, fur, plastics, air

34
Q

what is convection?

A

-transfer of heat within fluids (liquids and gases)

35
Q

what is the movement within a fluid due to differences in temperature called?

A

-convection current

36
Q

what is calorimetry?

A

-measuring changes in heat due to physical or chemical changes

37
Q

what is a calorimeter?

A

-a device used to measure the heat of reaction

38
Q

what is used for combustion reactions?

A

-bomb calorimeter

39
Q

what does the first chamber of the calorimeter contain?

A

-reaction being measured

40
Q

what does the second chamber of the calorimeter contain?

A

-measured amount of water

41
Q

what are the calorimeter chambers separated by?

A

-metal wall that conducts heat from reaction to the water without letting the water mix in

42
Q

how is a calorimeter used?

A
  • precise amount of water put into outside chamber. initial water temp recorded
  • precise amount of chemicals being studied is placed in reaction chamber
  • chemical reaction progress, water temp goes up or down
43
Q

if the reaction in the reaction chamber is exothermic the heat?

A

-increases

44
Q

if the reaction in the reaction chamber is endothermic the heat?

A

-decreases

45
Q

what does the amount of energy transferred depend on?

A
  • change in water temperature
  • mass of the water
  • specific heat capacity of the water
46
Q

what is the specific heat capacity?

A

-the specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy needed to heat 1g of the substance by 1 degrees celsius

47
Q

what is the specific heat capacity for water?

A

-4.184 J/g. degrees celsius

48
Q

what is the equation to calculate heat transfer?

A

-Q=mcΔT

49
Q

what is the measurment for Q?

A

-Joules (J)

50
Q

what is the measurment for m?

A

-grams (g)

51
Q

what is the measurment for c?

A

-J/g. degrees celsius

52
Q

what is the measurment for ΔT?

A

-degrees celsius

53
Q

what is the formula to solve for mass? (calorimeter unit)

A

-m=Q/(c x ΔT)

54
Q

what is the formula to solve for heat capacity? (calorimeter unit)

A

-c=Q/(m x ΔT)

55
Q

what is the formula to solve for change in temp? (calorimeter unit)

A

-ΔT=Q/(m x c)

56
Q

what is the formula for change in temperature?

A

ΔT=Tfinal - Tinitial

57
Q

what is the formula for final temperature?

A

Tfinal=ΔT + Tinitial

58
Q

what is the formula for initial temperature?

A

Ti=Tfinal - ΔT

Science10 (6 decks)

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