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Zoology > Endoskeleton - Axial > Flashcards

Endoskeleton - Axial Flashcards

1
Q

forms the main axis of the body, composed of the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

A

axial skeleton

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2
Q

the framework of the head

A

skull

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3
Q

protects the brain and houses and protects the sense organs for taste, smell, hearing, vision and balance

A

skull

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4
Q

the most complex of all parts of the endoskeleton because of it’s origin

A

skull

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5
Q

cartilaginous during embryonic stage

A

skull

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6
Q

composed of cartilage, base of the skull, including sense capsule, replaced by bone

A

chondrocranium

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7
Q

composed of membrane bones, roof over the chondrocranium

A

dermatocranium

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8
Q

derived from the viseral skeleton, cartilaginous covered by memebrane bones

A

splanchnocranium

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9
Q

the brain case, support, surround and protect the brain within the cranial cavity, composed of bones in the human forming the roof, sides and floor of the brain case

A

cranial bones

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10
Q

bone that forms the forehead, the anterior part of the floor and the roof of the orbits (eye sockets)

A

frontal bone

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11
Q

bone that forms the roof sides of the cranium

A

pariental bone

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12
Q

bone that forms the inferior lateral parts of the cranium and part of the floor

A

temporal bone

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13
Q

each temporal bone has an opening called the _ which directs sound to the inner ear

A

external auditory meatus

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14
Q

what is incased within and contains three small bones

A

inner ear

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15
Q

what do you call the 3 small bones of the inner ear

A

ossicles

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16
Q

skull bone with large opening through which the brain connects to the spinal cord

A

occipital bone

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17
Q

what is the large opening in the occipital bone called

A

the foramen magnum

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18
Q

what articulates the atlas, enabling nodding movements of the head

A

occipital condyles

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19
Q

bone that forms part of the cranial floor, the medial walls of the orbits and the upper part of the nasal system

A

ethmoid bone

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20
Q

part of the ethmoid bone which divides the nasal cavity into left and right sides

A

nasal system

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21
Q

bone that acts as a keystone by holding together all the other cranial bones

A

sphenoid bone

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22
Q

framework of the face, composed of 14 bones in humans providing cavities for the sense organs of smell, taste and vision, opening for the passage of food, water and air, attachment points for the muscles that produce facial expressions

A

facial bones

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23
Q

bone that forms the upper jaw containing sockets for the 16 upper teeth

A

maxillae bones

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24
Q

bones or cheekbones that form the prominences of the cheeks and part of the lateral margins of the orbits

A

zygomatic bones

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25
Q

bones that form the bridge of the nose

A

nasal bones

26
Q

bones that form the posterior side walls of the nasal cavity and the posterior part of the hard palate

A

palatine bones

27
Q

bones that form part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

inferior nasal conchae

28
Q

bone that forms part of the nasal septum

A

vomer bone

29
Q

the only skull bone that is able to move, articulates with the temporal bone allowing the mouth to open and close provides anchorage for the 16 lower teeth

A

mandible bone

30
Q

the main axial support of vertebrates

A

vertebral column

31
Q

initially formed during fetal development as notochord, the first skeletal element to appear in the embryo of chordates which is unsegmented and composed of dense fibrous connective tissue

A

vertebral column

32
Q

commonly called the backbone, spinal column or spine

A

vertebral column

33
Q

part of vertebral column that consists of a chain of irregular bones called _ that meet at slightly movable joints

A

vertebrae

34
Q

each joint permits only limited movement but collectively the joints give the backbone considerable flexibility enabling it to rotate and to bend

A

vertebral column

35
Q

makes up about 40% of body height (in human)

A

vertebrate column

36
Q

extends from the skull to its anchorage in the pelvic girdle, where it transmits the weight of the head and trunk to the lower limbs

A

vertebrate column

37
Q

how many vertebrae are there in human?

A

26

38
Q

what is the first vertebra in the cervical vertebrae called

A

atlas

39
Q

what is the second vertebra in the cervical vertebrae called?

A

axis

40
Q

which 5 vertebrae fused to form the sacrum

A

sacral

41
Q

which 3 to 5 vertebrae fused to form the coccyx

A

caudal

42
Q

tail bone

A

coccyx

43
Q

vertebral is divided into how many regions in salamanders, reptiles, birds and mammals

A

5

44
Q

how many verte. regions in frogs and why

A

4, because no neck region

45
Q

how many verte. regions in fished and which

A

2, the trunk and tail

46
Q

series of cartilaginous or elongated bony structures attached to the vertebrae

A

ribs

47
Q

stout, arched structures surrounding the thoracic cavity and uniting ventrally with the sternum

A

ribs

48
Q

forms the thoracic cage or rib cage that protects the heart, lungs, major blood vessels, stomach and liver

A

ribs

49
Q

composed of the neck, shaft and the angle

A

ribs

50
Q

how many pairs of ribs are there

A

12

51
Q

directly connected to the sternum

A

true ribs

52
Q

the distal cartilaginous ends unite with the costal cartilages of the last true rib

A

false ribs

53
Q

the distal cartilaginous ends terminate freely

A

floating ribs

54
Q

commonly called the breast bone

A

sternum

55
Q

elongated structure lying in the mid-ventral region of the anterior trunk

A

sternum

56
Q

articulates with the pectoral girdle

A

sternum

57
Q

strengthen the anterior part of the runk

A

sternum

58
Q

not present in snakes, limbless lizard and turtles (with plastron)

A

sternum

59
Q

in man, the sternum is _ and _

A

flat and narrow

60
Q

notches for the reception of sternal ends of the upper seven coastal cartilages

A

manubrium and gladiolus

61
Q

has no ribs attached to it but some abdominal muscles

A

xiphoid process

Zoology (16 decks)

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