Endoskeleton - Axial

Question 1

forms the main axis of the body, composed of the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

Answer 1

axial skeleton

Question 2

the framework of the head

Answer 2

skull

Question 3

protects the brain and houses and protects the sense organs for taste, smell, hearing, vision and balance

Answer 3

skull

Question 4

the most complex of all parts of the endoskeleton because of it’s origin

Answer 4

skull

Question 5

cartilaginous during embryonic stage

Answer 5

skull

Question 6

composed of cartilage, base of the skull, including sense capsule, replaced by bone

Answer 6

chondrocranium

Question 7

composed of membrane bones, roof over the chondrocranium

Answer 7

dermatocranium

Question 8

derived from the viseral skeleton, cartilaginous covered by memebrane bones

Answer 8

splanchnocranium

Question 9

the brain case, support, surround and protect the brain within the cranial cavity, composed of bones in the human forming the roof, sides and floor of the brain case

Answer 9

cranial bones

Question 10

bone that forms the forehead, the anterior part of the floor and the roof of the orbits (eye sockets)

Answer 10

frontal bone

Question 11

bone that forms the roof sides of the cranium

Answer 11

pariental bone

Question 12

bone that forms the inferior lateral parts of the cranium and part of the floor

Answer 12

temporal bone

Question 13

each temporal bone has an opening called the _ which directs sound to the inner ear

Answer 13

external auditory meatus

Question 14

what is incased within and contains three small bones

Answer 14

inner ear

Question 15

what do you call the 3 small bones of the inner ear

Answer 15

ossicles

Question 16

skull bone with large opening through which the brain connects to the spinal cord

Answer 16

occipital bone

Question 17

what is the large opening in the occipital bone called

Answer 17

the foramen magnum

Question 18

what articulates the atlas, enabling nodding movements of the head

Answer 18

occipital condyles

Question 19

bone that forms part of the cranial floor, the medial walls of the orbits and the upper part of the nasal system

Answer 19

ethmoid bone

Question 20

part of the ethmoid bone which divides the nasal cavity into left and right sides

Answer 20

nasal system

Question 21

bone that acts as a keystone by holding together all the other cranial bones

Answer 21

sphenoid bone

Question 22

framework of the face, composed of 14 bones in humans providing cavities for the sense organs of smell, taste and vision, opening for the passage of food, water and air, attachment points for the muscles that produce facial expressions

Answer 22

facial bones

Question 23

bone that forms the upper jaw containing sockets for the 16 upper teeth

Answer 23

maxillae bones

Question 24

bones or cheekbones that form the prominences of the cheeks and part of the lateral margins of the orbits

Answer 24

zygomatic bones

Question 25

bones that form the bridge of the nose

Answer 25

nasal bones

Question 26

bones that form the posterior side walls of the nasal cavity and the posterior part of the hard palate

Answer 26

palatine bones

Question 27

bones that form part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Answer 27

inferior nasal conchae

Question 28

bone that forms part of the nasal septum

Answer 28

vomer bone

Question 29

the only skull bone that is able to move, articulates with the temporal bone allowing the mouth to open and close provides anchorage for the 16 lower teeth

Answer 29

mandible bone

Question 30

the main axial support of vertebrates

Answer 30

vertebral column

Question 31

initially formed during fetal development as notochord, the first skeletal element to appear in the embryo of chordates which is unsegmented and composed of dense fibrous connective tissue

Answer 31

vertebral column

Question 32

commonly called the backbone, spinal column or spine

Answer 32

vertebral column

Question 33

part of vertebral column that consists of a chain of irregular bones called _ that meet at slightly movable joints

Answer 33

vertebrae

Question 34

each joint permits only limited movement but collectively the joints give the backbone considerable flexibility enabling it to rotate and to bend

Answer 34

vertebral column

Question 35

makes up about 40% of body height (in human)

Answer 35

vertebrate column

Question 36

extends from the skull to its anchorage in the pelvic girdle, where it transmits the weight of the head and trunk to the lower limbs

Answer 36

vertebrate column

Question 37

how many vertebrae are there in human?

Answer 37

26

Question 38

what is the first vertebra in the cervical vertebrae called

Answer 38

atlas

Question 39

what is the second vertebra in the cervical vertebrae called?

Answer 39

axis

Question 40

which 5 vertebrae fused to form the sacrum

Answer 40

sacral

Question 41

which 3 to 5 vertebrae fused to form the coccyx

Answer 41

caudal

Question 42

tail bone

Answer 42

coccyx

Question 43

vertebral is divided into how many regions in salamanders, reptiles, birds and mammals

Answer 43

5

Question 44

how many verte. regions in frogs and why

Answer 44

4, because no neck region

Question 45

how many verte. regions in fished and which

Answer 45

2, the trunk and tail

Question 46

series of cartilaginous or elongated bony structures attached to the vertebrae

Answer 46

ribs

Question 47

stout, arched structures surrounding the thoracic cavity and uniting ventrally with the sternum

Answer 47

ribs

Question 48

forms the thoracic cage or rib cage that protects the heart, lungs, major blood vessels, stomach and liver

Answer 48

ribs

Question 49

composed of the neck, shaft and the angle

Answer 49

ribs

Question 50

how many pairs of ribs are there

Answer 50

12

Question 51

directly connected to the sternum

Answer 51

true ribs

Question 52

the distal cartilaginous ends unite with the costal cartilages of the last true rib

Answer 52

false ribs

Question 53

the distal cartilaginous ends terminate freely

Answer 53

floating ribs

Question 54

commonly called the breast bone

Answer 54

sternum

Question 55

elongated structure lying in the mid-ventral region of the anterior trunk

Answer 55

sternum

Question 56

articulates with the pectoral girdle

Answer 56

sternum

Question 57

strengthen the anterior part of the runk

Answer 57

sternum

Question 58

not present in snakes, limbless lizard and turtles (with plastron)

Answer 58

sternum

Question 59

in man, the sternum is _ and _

Answer 59

flat and narrow

Question 60

notches for the reception of sternal ends of the upper seven coastal cartilages

Answer 60

manubrium and gladiolus

Question 61

has no ribs attached to it but some abdominal muscles

Answer 61

xiphoid process