Endoparasites Flashcards
Nematodes are…?
Roundworms
Name 6 different nematodes.
Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm) Uncinaria stenocephala (hookworm) Angiostrongylus vasorum (lungworm) Trichuris vulpis (whipworm) Toxascaris leonina Toxocara cati Toxocara canis
What are hunting cats more likely to get than indoor cats?
Toxocara cati
What is the difference between the transmission of Toxocara canis/cati/leonina?
Toxocara canis/cati can can be transmitted via the mothers milk from the mammary glands and leonina is only transmitted via ingestion.
Name 3 ascarids.
Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Toxascaris leonina
Name 2 hookworms.
Uncinaria stenocephala
Ancylostoma caninum
How are hookworms transmitted?
Transdermal
Ingestion from environment
Paratenic host
What is Trichuris vulpis?
Whipworm
How is Trichuris vulpis transmitted?
`Environment from faeces
Name 2 types of lungworm.
Angiostrongylus vasorum
Oslerus osleri
How is lungworm transmitted?
Faeces from infected host gets eaten by slugs and snails. Dog injests slug/snail and eggs mature in gut. They hatch and migrate through the gut in the blood stream to the lungs. They are coughed up and swallowed and excreted.
What is a cestode?
Tapeworm
Name 3 cestodes.
Dipylidium caninum
Echinococcus granulosus
Taenia spp.
Dipylidium caninum
Egg sacs pass in faeces
Egg sacs dry out and eggs are free
Flea larvae eat eggs
Flea matures and hops on to dog/cat
Flea causes irritation so animal eats it while scratching/biting
Egg sac develops inside animal and is excreted in faeces.
What should cats and dogs be treated for at the same time?
Fleas and tapeworm
How can Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia spp. be transmitted?
Through eating raw infected meat
Name 5 protozoa.
Toxoplasma gondii Leishmania Giardia spp. Cryptosporidium parvum Coccidia
What protozoa do pregnant people need to be aware of?
Toxoplasma gondii
How could a pregnant person be exposed to Toxoplasma gondii?
Cats
Sheep placenta
What are the clinical signs of Toxocara canis/cati?
Pot bellies
Stunted growth
V+/D+
What can humans get if they contract Toxocara canis/cati?
Toxocariasis.
Humans are accidental hosts who become infected by ingesting infective eggs in contaminated soil or infected paratenic hosts
After ingestion, the eggs hatch and larvae penetrate the intestinal wall and are carried by the circulation to a wide variety of tissues (liver, heart, lungs, brain, muscle, eyes)
Toxocara canis/cati life-cycle
Eggs are shed in the faeces of the definitive host
Eggs become infective in the environment
Ingestion by dogs/cats
Eggs hatch and larvae penetrate the gut wall.
Infect puppies/kittens by the transplacental and transmammary routes
Can also be transmitted through ingestion of paratenic hosts: eggs ingested by small mammals
The life cycle is completed when dogs/cats eat these hosts and the larvae develop into egg-laying adult worms in the small intestine.
Clinical signs of Uncinaria stenocephala/Ancylostoma caninum
Heavy infestation can cause anaemia
Clinical signs of Trichuris vulpis
Weight loss
Bloody and mucoid diarrhoea
