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Laboratory Techniques > Ectoparasites > Flashcards

Ectoparasites Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 types of ectoparasite.

A

Insect

Arachnid

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2
Q

Name the insects.

A

Fleas

Lice

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3
Q

Name the arachnids

A

Mites

Ticks

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4
Q

Ctenocephalides felis is?

A

Cat flea

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5
Q

Latin name for cat flea?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

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6
Q

What feline infectious disease can Ctenocephalides felis cause?

A

Feline infectious anaemia

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7
Q

Lifecycle of the flea

A

Adult flea

Eggs laid 2 days after first feed

Eggs drop off in to environment

Eggs hatch after 2 - 14 days

Lavae molt

Pupation occurs after 7 days in good conditions

Cocoon covered in environmental debris

Adult flea emerges after 10 days - many months

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8
Q

What worm can fleas infect the host with?

A

Dipylidium caninum

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9
Q

Name 2 types of lice

A

Biting

Sucking

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10
Q

Name the biting lice.

A

Trichodectes canis

Felicola subrostratus

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11
Q

Name the sucking louse

A

Linognathus setosus

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12
Q

What are Trichodectes canis and Felicola subrostratus

A

Trichodectes canis - dog biting louse

Felicola subrostratus - cat biting louse

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13
Q

What is Linognathus setosus

A

Sucking louse

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14
Q

Where do lice eggs stick to?

A

The hair shaft

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15
Q

Name the 2 types of mites.

A

Surface and burrowing

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16
Q

Name 3 types of surface mites.

A

Otodectes cyanotis
Cheyletiella spp.
Neotrombicula autumnalis

17
Q

What is Otodectes cyanotis?

A

Ear mite

18
Q

What is Cheyletiella?

A

Walking dandruff

19
Q

What is Neotrombicula autumnalis?

A

Harvest mite

20
Q

What is the main difference between surface and burrowing mites?

A

Leg length. Burrowing mites have short legs and surface mites have long legs.

21
Q

Name the 3 types of burrowing mites.

A

Sarcoptes scabiei
Notoedres spp.
Demodex spp.

22
Q

What is Sarcoptes scabiei?

A

Scabies/mange

23
Q

What is Notoedres?

A

Mange (cats)

24
Q

Difference between Sarcoptes scabiei and Notoedres?

A

Notoedres has striations on the body like a dart board

25
Q

What is the latin name for tick?

A

Ixodes ricinus

26
Q

What is Ixodes ricinus?

A

Tick

27
Q

What bacteria do ticks carry and what disease does is cause?

A

Borrelia burgdoferi causes Lyme disease

28
Q

How quickly should you remove a tick to avoid disease?

A

Within 24 hours

29
Q

How do you remove a tick?

A

Tick hook

30
Q

Define the term intermediate host

A

A host in which a parasite may spend part of its life-cycle usually no reproductive stage

31
Q

Define the term paratenic host

A

Parasite lives within the tissues of the host and in order to continue its life-cycle the host must be eaten

32
Q

Briefly explain the principle of the ‘wet paper test’ in relation to fleas

A

Brush dog/cat onto paper

Dampen with water

If a red ring appears around the black specks this indicates flea faeces

33
Q

Explain what advice you would give to the owner of a pet that has been diagnosed with fleas

A

Treat pet and all in contact

Worm all pets

Give the environment treatment: vacuum first and then spray, then vacuum again dispose of the contents of the vacuum straight away

Wash bedding at a very high temperature or dispose of pet bedding

34
Q

Name two disease that are carried by ectoparasites

A

Lymes disease

Malaria

35
Q

Briefly explain how you would sample a dog from Sarcoptes scabiei

A

Deep skin scrape:

  1. Assemble equipment: clippers, size 10 scalpel blade (blunt), liquid paraffin, microscope slide, glass coverslip, chinagraph pencil and microscope.
  2. Select the area to be scraped.
  3. Clip the area using clippers and size 40 blade. This will allow more accurate scraping and will remove hair that may obscure findings.
  4. Dip the scalpel blade into liquid paraffin and moisten the surface of the skin.
  5. Hold the blade between the thumb and forefinger.
  6. Stretch the skin to be scraped with the other hand and gently scrape the area (usually 3cm x 3cm). The depth of scraping will vary according to the parasite in question, although most scraping should result in capillary ooze.
  7. Transfer the collected material from the forward surface of the blade onto a glass slide. A drop of liquid paraffin can be added to the slide.
  8. Place a coverslip over the sample and label the slide.
  9. Set up the microscope and examine the slide using the lowest power first (x10). Vernier scale readings can be taken to relocate the parasites, although live parasites may move.
  10. Slides should be viewed immediately after the sample has been collected to avoid parasites leaving the slide.
  11. Once the slide has been examined and results recorded, dispose of correctly.
36
Q

Briefly explain how you would sample a rabbits for Cheyletiella

A

Sellotape impressions, examination under the microscope on low power

Laboratory Techniques (7 decks)

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