Endometriosis and adenomyosis Flashcards
1
Q
Histological components that need to be present in endometriosis
A
- endometrial glands
- endometrial stroma
- haemosiderin pigment
2
Q
Possible theories for pathogenesis of endometriosis
A
- implantation theory
- coelomic metaplasia
- lymphatic and haematogenous spread
- genetic factors
- immunological factors
- other factors
3
Q
Sites of endometriosis
A
- ovary
- pelvic peritoneal endometriotic deposits
- bowel endometriosis
- lower genital tract
- urinary tract
- other sites (scars, umbilicus)
4
Q
Common symptoms of endometriosis
A
- dysmenorrhoea
- dyspareunia
- pelvic pain
- infertility
- menstrual dysfunction
- urinary tract symptoms
- bowel symptoms
5
Q
Investigations for endometriosis
A
- ultrasound
- laparoscopy
6
Q
Medical treatment of endometriosis
A
- oestrogen and gestogen treatment
- progestogens alone
- Mirena
- gestrinone
- GnRH analogues
- Danazol
7
Q
Definition of adenomyosis
A
- invasion of the endometrium into the myometrium
- produces a diffusely enlarged and tender uterus
8
Q
Microscopic findings in adenomyosis
A
- ectopic, non-neoplastic endometrial glands and stroma
- surrounding hypertrophic and hyperplastic myometrium
9
Q
Who gets adenomyosis
A
- disease of older parous women
10
Q
Symptoms of adenomyosis
A
- heavy menstrual bleeding
- dysmenorrhoea
- constant dull aching pain
- infertility
11
Q
Signs of adenomyosis
A
- tender bulky uterus
12
Q
Treatment of adenomyosis
A
- analgesia
- contraceptives
- surgery (hysterectomy)
- newer conservative methods (danazol-loaded IUS)
- MR focused US
