Endometriosis Flashcards
average age and range for periods to begin
13 - can be 10-16
how much is a heavy period in ml
> 80ml
what is the pathology of endometriosis
endometrial tissue outside the lining of the uterus that responds to hormones and sheds during menstruation
5 presentations of endometriosis
HMB Pain bleeding or spotting between periods dyspareunia pain on urination or pooing
true/false endometriosis can cause back pain
true
true/false endometriosis can cause infertility
true
give 4 common sites for endometriosis to occur
anywhere in reproductive tract
GI tract
peritoneum
pouch of douglas
what stage is small patches on other organs
stage 1 - minimal
what stage is peritoneal involvement, scarring and adhesions
stage 3 - moderate
what stage is beginning to infiltrate other organs
stage 2 - mild
what stage is infiltration of many pelvic organs with distortion to normal anatomy
stage 4 - severe
what is the gold standard dignosis of endometriosis
a diagnostic laparoscopy
give 3 investigations of endometriosis
pelvic exam, US, diagnostic laparoscopy
3 methods of management
analgesia
hormones
surgical
hormonal treatments for endometriosis
CHC, POP, Mirena, injection and GnRH analogues
4 surgical treatment for endometriosis
ablation, hysterectomy, pelvic clearance or endometrioma excision
give an 1 indication for surgical management
fertility treatment
findings on examination
reduced organ mobility, visible lesions and tender nodularity in the posterior vaginal fornix
1st line analgesia
NSAIDs or paracetamol
how do GnRH hormones work
induce a ‘pseudo-menopause’ due to low oestrogen levels - can be given with oestrogen to relieve those menopausal side-effects
true/false - medical therapy is 1st line to treat fertility problems
false - has no significant impact on fertility rates
