EndoIntro

Question 1

Endocrine System

Answer 1

consists of ductless endocrine glands scattered throughout body

Question 2

Glands secrete hormones which travel through blood to target cells

Answer 2

Target cells have receptors for binding with specific hormone
Regulates or directs particular function

Question 3

Hydrophilic hormones

Answer 3

Peptide hormones Catecholamines

Question 4

Lipophilic hormones

Answer 4

Steroid hormones Thyroid hormone

Question 5

Overall Functions of The Endocrine System (6 things)

Answer 5

Regulate organic metabolism and H2O and electrolyte balance
Induce adaptive changes to help body cope with stressful situations
Promote smooth, sequential growth and development
Control reproduction

Regulate red blood cell production
Along with autonomic nervous system, control and integrate both circulation and the digestion and absorption of food

Question 6

Tropic Hormones

Answer 6

Regulate hormone secretion by another endocrine gland

Stimulate and maintain their endocrine target tissues

Question 7

Complexity of Endocrine Function

Answer 7

A single gland may produce multiple hormones, and a single hormone may be secreted by more than one gland
A single hormone may have more than one type of target cell
Rate of secretion varies
Target cell may be influenced by more than one hormone
Chemical messenger may be either a hormone or a neurotransmitter
Not all endocrine organs are exclusively endocrine in function

Question 8

Plasma Concentration

Answer 8

Plasma concentration of each hormone is normally controlled by regulated changes in rate of hormone secretion

Question 9

Direct regulatory inputs that influence secretory output of endocrine cells

Answer 9

Neural input

Input from another hormone

Question 10

Effective plasma concentration also influenced by

Answer 10

Rate of removal from blood by metabolic inactivation and excretion
Rate of activation or its extent of binding to plasma proteins

Question 11

Negative-Feedback Control

Answer 11

• Negative exists when the output of a system counteracts a change in input.
• Maintains the plasma concentration of a hormone at a given level
• Given level is referred to as a “set-point”

Question 12

Neuroendocrine Reflexes

Answer 12

• Includes neural as well as hormonal components
• Purpose of such reflexes is to produce a sudden increase in hormone secretion in response to a specific stimulus
• An example is the increased secretion of cortisol during a stress response

Question 13

Two major second-messenger pathways

Answer 13

cAMP

Calcium

Question 14

Lipophilic Hormones

Answer 14

Bind to intracellular receptors and produce effects through changes in gene expression
Hormone-Receptor complex recognizes specific sequences in DNA called Hormone- Response-Element (HRE)
Includes all Steroid Hormones and Thyroid Hormone