Endogenous Retrovirus-K and Nervous System Diseases

Question 1

Who authored this paper and in what year?

Answer 1

Sheena, Jennifer, and Renée in 2014

Question 2

What is the purpose of this paper?

Answer 2

To establish evidence for the contribution of pathogenicity via ERVK in neurological diseases.

Question 3

Who proposed the DNA provirus hypothesis and when?

Answer 3

Nobel laureate Howard M. Temin in the 1960s.

Question 4

How many lineages of endogenous retroviruses are there?

Answer 4

31

Question 5

What type of retrovirus is ERVK?

Answer 5

Betaretrovirus

Question 6

Which HML class is ERVK?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

When was ERVK last estimated to have been active?

Answer 7

250,000 years ago.

Question 8

Which type of ERV is the most transcriptionally active?

Answer 8

ERVK

Question 9

Dube et al. have proposed what about ERVK which is different from other retroviruses how?

Answer 9

They have proposed that ERVK virions can contain infectious RNA or DNA genomes. This differs from canonical retroviruses since they have two +ssRNA copies.

Question 10

How many ERVK (HML-2) integrations are there in humans?

Answer 10

Approximately 1000

Question 11

Of the ____#____ ERVK HML-2 integrations in humans, how many are replication defective? How many integrations are capable of anything?

Answer 11

All of them.

Only 24 FIXED loci have the capacity to encode viral proteins.

Question 12

How do ERVK and different genotypes correlate?

Answer 12

Different populations and ethnic groups may have distinct ERVK polymorphs.

Question 13

What results in ERVK alleles?

Answer 13

Sequence variation.