Endogenous & Exogenous

Question 1

What is the main positive evaluative point about endogenous & exogenous?

Answer 1

There is a lot of support from research studies

Question 2

Name 3 negative evaluative points about endogenous & exogenous

Answer 2

1) Artificial lighting
2) When the biological system fails
3) Animal research

Question 3

Explain the power of artificial lighting

Answer 3

In early studies, ppts were exposed to artificial lighting as it was assumed that it was not bright enough to entrain rhythms. However, Campbell & Murphy shifted rhythms by just shining light on the back of knees so research does show that artificial light does have an effect, further supported by Boivin (1996)

Question 4

Outline Boivin (1996)

Answer 4

Found rhythms can be entrained by ordinary dim lighting, although bright lighting was more effective

Question 5

Explain when the biological system fails

Answer 5

This is a problem as when a biologically-determined system fails, it can cause a multitude of problems, for example familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome linked to an inherited defect

Question 6

Explain 2 reasons why animal research is so negative

Answer 6

1) Ethical issues concerning harm to animals however acceptable if there are important applications? So can be acceptable if key principles are adhered to
2) Issue of generalisability to humans as we know systems differ

Question 7

Name 2 IDA points about exogenous and endogenous

Answer 7

1) Real-world application

2) Evolutionary approach

Question 8

Explain the real-world application of exogenous and endogenous

Answer 8

New techniques have enabled us to study the behaviour of cells, molecules and genes and thus produce an increasingly complex picture of how living organisms function. There are enormous health, safety, and economic benefits to figuring how circadian clock works because desynchronised body clocks and reduced alertness can lead to major accidents like the titanic

Question 9

Explain the evolutionary approach of exogenous and endogenous

Answer 9

It emphasises the adaptive nature of an endogenously-controlled circadian rhythm - it enables tight temporal scheduling or physiological and behavioural programmes and also it allows animals and plants to anticipate daily environmental patterns of light and dark - DeCoursey with the SCN-lesioned chipmunks in their natural habitat