Endogenic And Exogenic Systems, Geologic Time Scale, Anthropocene Flashcards
What does the endogenic system encompass?
Internal processes that produce flows of heat and material from deep below Earth’s crust
Related to geology.
What is the energy source for the endogenic system?
Heat from pressure (gravity) and radioactive decay
This energy drives geological processes.
What branch of science is related to the endogenic system?
Geology
Geology studies Earth’s internal processes.
What does the exogenic system consist of?
External processes at Earth’s surface that set into motion air, water, and ice
These processes shape the Earth’s landscape.
What is the energy source for the exogenic system?
Solar energy and the energy of motion (air, water, ice)
This energy drives surface processes.
What branch of science is related to the exogenic system?
Geomorphology
Geomorphology studies the processes that shape the Earth’s surface.
The geologic time scale
Eon-era-period-ephoc
What is the Anthropocene?
The human activity that affects the earths systems
Absolute time vs relative time
1- actual number of years
2- sequence of events, based on positions of ricks strata
Radiometric dating
Half life
What is stratigraphy?
The overall study of rock layers, including the principles, types of stratigraphic units, their formations, and structure and interpretation.
What is relative dating?
A tool used within stratigraphy to place rock layers and events in a chronological sequence.
What is the Principle of Original Horizontality?
Layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally.
What is the Principle of Lateral Continuity?
Layers of sediment initially extend laterally in all directions.
What is the Principle of Superposition?
In an undisturbed sequence of rocks, the oldest layers are at the bottom.
What is the Principle of Cross-Cutting Relations?
If a geological feature cuts across another, the feature that has been cut is older.
What is the Law of Inclusions?
Fragments of one rock unit that are included within another rock unit must be older than the rock in which they are included.
What is the Law of Faunal Succession? Fossil
Fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and recognizable order.
What is the principle of Superposition in geology?
Rock and sediment are arranged with the youngest bed at the top and the oldest at the base, if they have not been disturbed.
What does Uniformitarianism state?
The same physical processes active in the environment today have been operating throughout geologic time.
Fill in the blank: In the principle of Superposition, the _______ layers are at the top of a rock formation.
youngest
True or False: Uniformitarianism suggests that the processes shaping the Earth today are different from those in the past.
False
List three examples of physical processes mentioned in relation to Uniformitarianism.
- Earthquakes
- Landslides
- Volcanic orogenesis
What does the pattern of unconformity look for? Name them 4
To see if erosion has taken place, evolve sedimentary rocks, changes in sea level
Disconformity
Nonconformity
Angular unconformity
Paraconformity
What are the types of unconformity and their definitions
Disconformity: erosional surface where the rocks below the unconformity are much older than the rocks above
Non conformity: forms when igneous or metamorphic bedrock is eroded, horizontal layers of rock are deposited on top of it
Angular unconformity: is created when horizontal layers of rock lie on top of tilted layers of older rocks
Paraconformity: no evidence of erosion, pause of sediment deposition
What is the evolution of angular unconformity
- Deposition
- Deformation
- Erosion
- Renewed deposition
