Day 1 Flashcards
What does geography mean?
Geo - earth, graph - write
To write something about earth
Geography studies relationship among and interdependence of what? 4, 2
Geographic areas, natural systems, society, cultural activities, space and time
Define spatial
The nature and character of physical space, measurements and distribution of thing within it
5 themes of geographic science
-Location ( a specific point in space) -place (human and physical characteristics of a location),
-region (uniform human or physical characteristics),
-movement ( how many people move through a location)
-human to earth relationships (the connection between earth and human what people do here.)
What is the scientific method? 6
Observations
Questions and variables
Hypothesis
Testing
Results
Theory development
Basic vs applied research
Basic: knowledge specific, theory oriented, subjective
Applied: solution driven, practically oriented, objective
What is a system? Open and closed?
Interrelated set of thing linked by flies if energy and matter
Open- inputs and outputs of energy of matter
Closed - self contained, rare
What system is earth?
Open in terms of energy
Closed in terms of matter and resources
What are earths 4 spheres?
Atmosphere the energy
Water weather and climate
The earth- atmosphere interface
Soils ecosystems and biomes
What are the 3 abiotic spheres?
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere or géosphère
What is earths biotic sphere?
Biosphère
What are the conservation laws of mass and energy
Mass is neither created nor destroyed
Energy is the capacity to change the motion of matter
Energy is neither created nor destroyed
Input - output = storage change
What is a feedback loop, negative and positive, albedo
Outputs of a system influence the systems operations through a path way
Negative - self regulation stable condition
Positive - a runaway condition
Albedo - the ratio of reflected solar radiation to the total incoming solar radiation
What is system équilibra steady state and dynamic
Steady state - input and out put is equal and the amount of energy and matter are constant or fluctuate a stable average
Dynamic - demonstrates a changing trend over time reaching a new operation threshold called the tipping point
Give an example of an interaction of earths systems
Floods, hurricane, tsunami
What is latitude and parallel?
North to south
A line connecting all points along the same latitudinal angle
Longitude and Meridian
Easy to west
A line connecting all points on the longitudinal line
What is a great circle plus example
Any circle of the earth circumference whose centre coincides with earths centre
The equatorial parallel
What are the modern international standard time zones
24 time zones
Earth revolves 15 degrees / hour
Each time zone is additional 15 degrees of longitude
What are the 3 map scales
Representative fraction
Written scale
Graphic scale
What are the modern tools and techniques for geoscience
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Remote sensing (RS)
Geographic information systèmes (GIS)
What is GIS
Computer based data processing tool for gathering, manipulating and analyzing geographic information
