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NBDE 2 > Endodontics > Flashcards

Endodontics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the only two systemic contraindications of endodontic therapy?

A
  1. MI (within 6 months) and 2. Uncontrolled diabetes
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2
Q

Which two canal irrigants should never be used together?

A

NaOCl and Chlorhexadine

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3
Q

What is used to dissolve the inorganic material and smear layers?

A

EDTA

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4
Q

What is a hard-tissue version of an I and D called?

A

Trephination

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5
Q

What is it called when a hemisection is performed and both halves are retained?

A

Bicuspidization

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6
Q

What is used for cold sterilization?

A

Glutaraldehyde

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7
Q

What time frame should cold sterilization be performed in to be effective?

A

24 Hours

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8
Q

What time, temperature and pressure should be used to perform pressure sterilization?

A

20 minutes @ 121 C and 15 psi

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9
Q

What is the downside to pressure sterilization?

A

Point/edge deformation

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10
Q

What is the temperature and time of dry-heat sterilization?

A

160 C for 60 minutes

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11
Q

Order the three radiograph-taking techniques from most to least accurate:

A
  1. Paralleling technique, 2. modified paralleling technique, 3. Bisecting technique
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12
Q

What is the ideal energy setting for endo?

A

70 kV

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13
Q

What is the other term for condensing osteitis?

A

Focal Sclerosing osteomyelitis

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14
Q

What type of bacteria are found in primary endodontic infections?

A

Anaerobes

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15
Q

What bacteria species is found in failed RCT?

A

Enterococcus faecalis

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16
Q

What two antibiotics are typically used for endo?

A

Penicillin V and Amoxicillin

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17
Q

Assuming regular antibiotic regimes are ineffective, what antibiotic can be taken so long as it is taken in conjunction with another antibiotic that targets facultative anaerobes?

A

Metronidazole

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18
Q

How do canal length, diameter and curvature relate to ledges?

A

As canal length increases, ledges increase, as canal diameter decreases, ledges increase, as curvature increases, ledges increase

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19
Q

When files tend to cut dentin towards the outside of the root, what is this process called?

A

Transportation

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20
Q

What signs are there of potential separation of stainless steel files?

A

Fluting distortions

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21
Q

What signs are there of potential separation of NiTi files?

A

There are none - dispose of them before signs occur

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22
Q

Should separation occur, is the prognosis better with a large or small file?

A

Large

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23
Q

How long does it take after trauma for tests to be accurate?

A

6- 12 months

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24
Q

When should testing for traumatic injuries be performed?

A

3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and once a year thereafter

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25
What word describes an incomplete crack in enamel without the loss of tooth structure?
Infraction
26
What is the ideal healing pattern for tooth fracture?
Calcific healing
27
How long should fractured teeth be splinted should the fracture occur at the coronal third of the root?
6 to 12 weeks
28
How long should fractured teeth be splinted should the fracture occur at the midroot third of the root?
3 weeks
29
What are the pulpal necrosis rates of subluxation, extrusive luxation, lateral luxation and intrusive luxation?
1. 6%, 2. 65%, 3. 80% and 4. 96%
30
What Ellis classification relates to dislocation of a tooth?
V
31
What is the success rate of a re-implanted, avulsed tooth at <15 mins, 30 mins, and >60 mins?
1. 90%, 2. 50% and 3. <10%
32
What are the two "ideal" liquids for transporting avulsed teeth?
1. Viaspan and 2. Hank's Balanced Salt Solution
33
What are the four "normal" liquids for transporting avulsed teeth in order of least to most desirable?
1. Water, 2. Saliva, 3. Saline and 4. Milk
34
What steps are the same for re-implantation of closed and open apex teeth?
1. Stabilize with a semirigid splint 7-10 days, 2. administer systemic antibiotics (Penicillin 4x d, 7 days or doxycycline 2x d, 7 days), 3. Refer to physician for potential tetanus shot
35
What steps are different when re-implanting an avulsed tooth that has a closed apex with a dry time less than 60 mins that was appropriately stored?
1. Do not curette the socket, 2. Remove coagulum from socket using saline and examine before re-implantation
36
What steps are different when re-implanting an avulsed tooth that has a closed apex with a dry time greater than 60 minutes?
1. Remove debris and necrotic PDL, 2. Immerse tooth in 2.4% sodium fluoride solution with pH 5.5 for 5 minutes
37
What steps are different when re-implanting an avulsed tooth that has an open apex with a dry time less than 60 mins that was appropriately stored?
1. Clean contamination with a stream of saline, 2. Place in doxycycline
38
What steps are different when re-implanting an avulsed tooth that has an open apex with a dry time greater than 60 minutes?
Reimplantation not indicated
39
How long after a re-implantation should endo be performed?
7-10 days
40
What treatment is given should a closed-apex re-implanted tooth display resorption after 7-10 days?
Long term calcium hydroxide treatment
41
What treatment should be rendered with open apex avulsed teeth that show signs of infected pulp or exceed the 60 minute rule?
Apexification
42
What is another term for ankylosis?
Replacement resorption
43
What percentage of re-implanted teeth exhibit ankylosis?
61%
44
What percentage of re-implanted teeth exhibit apical neurovascular supply damage?
27%
45
What is defined as a bowl-shaped resorption involving cementum and dentin that occurs 3 weeks after trauma?
Inflammatory Resorption
46
What causes Cervical Resorption?
Sulcular infection following trauma, ortho, etc.
47
What resorption can have a possible pink spot?
Cervical Resorption
48
What resorption occurs apically and externally?
IRR - Inflammatory Root Resorption
49
What two materials are used for vital pulp therapy?
1. Calcium Hydroxide and 2. MTA
50
What cell type does Calcium Hydroxide induce?
Odontoblasts
51
What cell type does MTA induce?
Cementoblasts
52
When is a direct pulp cap indicated?
When there has been less than 24 hours exposure and the exposure had mechanical/traumatic exposure
53
What is a Cvek pulpotomy?
A partial pulpotomy performed when a traumatic exposure has lasted more than 24 hours or used for immature teeth
54
What is apexogenesis?
When you do a partial pulpotomy or direct pulp cap on an immature tooth and wait 3 years for root formation to complete
55
What is apexification?
Non-vital pulpal therapy aimed at allowing the tooth to lay down a calcified apex. It plugs up the apex and allows calcification to continue
56
What material is preferable for apexification?
MTA
57
What are the two internal bleaching techniques?
1. Therocatalytic technique and 2. Walking bleach
58
What is the danger in using Superoxol (30% Hydrogen Peroxide) in internal bleaching?
Can lead to Cervical Resorption
59
What other chemical mixture can be used to do internal bleaching?
Sodium Perborate
60
What is the major cause of endodontic failure?
Coronal leakage
61
What are the three points of the endodontic triad?
1. Microbial disinfection, 2. Debridement (THE key) and 3. Obturation
62
What test is the least useful for an 8-year-old patient with an Ellis II fracture?
Electrical - doesn't work on young patients and trauma
63
Which way does a tooth normally have a vertical fracture?
Mesio-distally

NBDE 2 (4 decks)

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