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Endodontics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the only two systemic contraindications of endodontic therapy?

A
  1. MI (within 6 months) and 2. Uncontrolled diabetes
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2
Q

Which two canal irrigants should never be used together?

A

NaOCl and Chlorhexadine

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3
Q

What is used to dissolve the inorganic material and smear layers?

A

EDTA

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4
Q

What is a hard-tissue version of an I and D called?

A

Trephination

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5
Q

What is it called when a hemisection is performed and both halves are retained?

A

Bicuspidization

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6
Q

What is used for cold sterilization?

A

Glutaraldehyde

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7
Q

What time frame should cold sterilization be performed in to be effective?

A

24 Hours

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8
Q

What time, temperature and pressure should be used to perform pressure sterilization?

A

20 minutes @ 121 C and 15 psi

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9
Q

What is the downside to pressure sterilization?

A

Point/edge deformation

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10
Q

What is the temperature and time of dry-heat sterilization?

A

160 C for 60 minutes

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11
Q

Order the three radiograph-taking techniques from most to least accurate:

A
  1. Paralleling technique, 2. modified paralleling technique, 3. Bisecting technique
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12
Q

What is the ideal energy setting for endo?

A

70 kV

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13
Q

What is the other term for condensing osteitis?

A

Focal Sclerosing osteomyelitis

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14
Q

What type of bacteria are found in primary endodontic infections?

A

Anaerobes

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15
Q

What bacteria species is found in failed RCT?

A

Enterococcus faecalis

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16
Q

What two antibiotics are typically used for endo?

A

Penicillin V and Amoxicillin

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17
Q

Assuming regular antibiotic regimes are ineffective, what antibiotic can be taken so long as it is taken in conjunction with another antibiotic that targets facultative anaerobes?

A

Metronidazole

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18
Q

How do canal length, diameter and curvature relate to ledges?

A

As canal length increases, ledges increase, as canal diameter decreases, ledges increase, as curvature increases, ledges increase

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19
Q

When files tend to cut dentin towards the outside of the root, what is this process called?

A

Transportation

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20
Q

What signs are there of potential separation of stainless steel files?

A

Fluting distortions

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21
Q

What signs are there of potential separation of NiTi files?

A

There are none - dispose of them before signs occur

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22
Q

Should separation occur, is the prognosis better with a large or small file?

A

Large

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23
Q

How long does it take after trauma for tests to be accurate?

A

6- 12 months

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24
Q

When should testing for traumatic injuries be performed?

A

3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and once a year thereafter

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25
Q

What word describes an incomplete crack in enamel without the loss of tooth structure?

A

Infraction

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26
Q

What is the ideal healing pattern for tooth fracture?

A

Calcific healing

27
Q

How long should fractured teeth be splinted should the fracture occur at the coronal third of the root?

A

6 to 12 weeks

28
Q

How long should fractured teeth be splinted should the fracture occur at the midroot third of the root?

29
Q

What are the pulpal necrosis rates of subluxation, extrusive luxation, lateral luxation and intrusive luxation?

A
  1. 6%, 2. 65%, 3. 80% and 4. 96%
30
Q

What Ellis classification relates to dislocation of a tooth?

31
Q

What is the success rate of a re-implanted, avulsed tooth at <15 mins, 30 mins, and >60 mins?

A
  1. 90%, 2. 50% and 3. <10%
32
Q

What are the two “ideal” liquids for transporting avulsed teeth?

A
  1. Viaspan and 2. Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution
33
Q

What are the four “normal” liquids for transporting avulsed teeth in order of least to most desirable?

A
  1. Water, 2. Saliva, 3. Saline and 4. Milk
34
Q

What steps are the same for re-implantation of closed and open apex teeth?

A
  1. Stabilize with a semirigid splint 7-10 days, 2. administer systemic antibiotics (Penicillin 4x d, 7 days or doxycycline 2x d, 7 days), 3. Refer to physician for potential tetanus shot
35
Q

What steps are different when re-implanting an avulsed tooth that has a closed apex with a dry time less than 60 mins that was appropriately stored?

A
  1. Do not curette the socket, 2. Remove coagulum from socket using saline and examine before re-implantation
36
Q

What steps are different when re-implanting an avulsed tooth that has a closed apex with a dry time greater than 60 minutes?

A
  1. Remove debris and necrotic PDL, 2. Immerse tooth in 2.4% sodium fluoride solution with pH 5.5 for 5 minutes
37
Q

What steps are different when re-implanting an avulsed tooth that has an open apex with a dry time less than 60 mins that was appropriately stored?

A
  1. Clean contamination with a stream of saline, 2. Place in doxycycline
38
Q

What steps are different when re-implanting an avulsed tooth that has an open apex with a dry time greater than 60 minutes?

A

Reimplantation not indicated

39
Q

How long after a re-implantation should endo be performed?

40
Q

What treatment is given should a closed-apex re-implanted tooth display resorption after 7-10 days?

A

Long term calcium hydroxide treatment

41
Q

What treatment should be rendered with open apex avulsed teeth that show signs of infected pulp or exceed the 60 minute rule?

A

Apexification

42
Q

What is another term for ankylosis?

A

Replacement resorption

43
Q

What percentage of re-implanted teeth exhibit ankylosis?

44
Q

What percentage of re-implanted teeth exhibit apical neurovascular supply damage?

45
Q

What is defined as a bowl-shaped resorption involving cementum and dentin that occurs 3 weeks after trauma?

A

Inflammatory Resorption

46
Q

What causes Cervical Resorption?

A

Sulcular infection following trauma, ortho, etc.

47
Q

What resorption can have a possible pink spot?

A

Cervical Resorption

48
Q

What resorption occurs apically and externally?

A

IRR - Inflammatory Root Resorption

49
Q

What two materials are used for vital pulp therapy?

A
  1. Calcium Hydroxide and 2. MTA
50
Q

What cell type does Calcium Hydroxide induce?

A

Odontoblasts

51
Q

What cell type does MTA induce?

A

Cementoblasts

52
Q

When is a direct pulp cap indicated?

A

When there has been less than 24 hours exposure and the exposure had mechanical/traumatic exposure

53
Q

What is a Cvek pulpotomy?

A

A partial pulpotomy performed when a traumatic exposure has lasted more than 24 hours or used for immature teeth

54
Q

What is apexogenesis?

A

When you do a partial pulpotomy or direct pulp cap on an immature tooth and wait 3 years for root formation to complete

55
Q

What is apexification?

A

Non-vital pulpal therapy aimed at allowing the tooth to lay down a calcified apex. It plugs up the apex and allows calcification to continue

56
Q

What material is preferable for apexification?

57
Q

What are the two internal bleaching techniques?

A
  1. Therocatalytic technique and 2. Walking bleach
58
Q

What is the danger in using Superoxol (30% Hydrogen Peroxide) in internal bleaching?

A

Can lead to Cervical Resorption

59
Q

What other chemical mixture can be used to do internal bleaching?

A

Sodium Perborate

60
Q

What is the major cause of endodontic failure?

A

Coronal leakage

61
Q

What are the three points of the endodontic triad?

A
  1. Microbial disinfection, 2. Debridement (THE key) and 3. Obturation
62
Q

What test is the least useful for an 8-year-old patient with an Ellis II fracture?

A

Electrical - doesn’t work on young patients and trauma

63
Q

Which way does a tooth normally have a vertical fracture?

A

Mesio-distally

NBDE 2 (4 decks)

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