endocrinology (primary hypoparathyroidism)

Question 1

what is the epidemiology for primary hypoparathyroidism

Answer 1

this is a rare condition in cats

predominantly seen in young cats (average age of presentation 2 years)

Question 2

what are the most likely etiologies for primary hypoparathyroidism

Answer 2

parathyroid agenesis

autoimmune parathyroid destruction

Question 3

what are the clinical signs for primary hypoparathyroidism

Answer 3

clinical signs are typically intermittent

the most common signs are:
- anorexia
- lethargy
- muscle tremors, seizures, disorientation, weakness and ataxia
- cataracts, tetanic muscle spasms may be found on physical examination
- some cats have third eyelid protrusion

Question 4

how is a diagnosis of primary hypoaparthyroidism made

Answer 4

persistant hypocalcemia (total and ionised calcium), usually with concomitant hyperphosphatemia

PTH concentrations will be low or normal (they should be elevated in the face of hypocalcemia)

Question 5

what is the treatment for primary hypoparathyroidism

Answer 5

life-long supplementation of calcium