Endocrinology (Pass NPLEX) Flashcards
Describe the typical dietary approach to acute pancreatitis
No food or a clear liquid diet is initially recommended
Once tolerated, the diet should advance to a low-fat whole foods diet
Cold vs Hot Thyroid nodules. Which runs a higher risk of malignancy?
Cold
Cold = 5-8% are malignant
Hot nodules are unlikely to be malignant
What is Addison’s disease?
Primary hypoadrenocorticism caused by the failure of the adrenal gland to produce cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens
Developed Areas = idiopathic
Impoverished Areas = tuberculosis causing calcification of adrenal gland
What is the most common etiology for hypercortisolism?
Exogenous steroid use (iatrogenic)
Describe the pathological mechanism that results in diabetes-related visual loss
- ) Vitreous hemorrhaging (secondary to neovascularization)
2. ) Retinal detachment (secondary to fibrous tissue contraction)
List the conditions that can cause hypercalcemia?
Calcium Ingestion Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperthyroid Iatrogenic (thiazides) Multiple Myeloma Paget's Disease Addison's Disease Neoplasms Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Excess Vitamin D Excess Vitamin A Sarcoidosis
Mnemonic = CHIMPANZEES
What test can be performed to quantify endogenous insulin?
C-peptide
Describe the threshold for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes during OGTT?
fasting >5.3mmol/L
1 hour >10mmol/L
2 hours > 8.6mmol/L
3 hours > 7.8mmol/L
if 2 or more parameters are above the criteria then gestational diabetes diagnosis can be made
How do you differentiate between primary and secondary hypothyroidism?
- ) Primary = a decrease in T4/T3
2. ) Secondary = decrease in TSH
What test is a screening tool for pituitary hypofunction?
Serum Growth Hormone
What allelic variant is associated with Graves Disease?
HLA DR3
