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RR ENDO > Endocrinology of pregnancy > Flashcards

Endocrinology of pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells make testosterone

A

Leydig cells

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2
Q

How is oestrogen produced

A

from testosterone with aromatase enzyme

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3
Q

What is the action of oestrogen in the male reproductive tract

A

Oestrogen induces tubular fluid reabsorption

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4
Q

What is the action of androgens in the male reproductive tract

A

Androgens induce nutrient e.g fructose and glycoprotein secretion into epididymal fluid

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5
Q

Function of glycoprotein

A

Protects spermatazoa from hostile environments

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6
Q

What does a lack of absorption of oestrogen in makes result in

A

Hirsutism, acne
V. tall– as oestrogen causes epiphyseal plate closer
Osteoporosis

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7
Q

What 4 things might the semen consist of

A

Spermatazoa
Seminal fluid
Leucocyte
Possible viruses e.g hep B or HIV

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8
Q

Journey of fertilisation

A

Through vagina, cervix, uterus, at one of fallopian tubes, zygote travel down to endometrium

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9
Q

What proportion of sperm reach the ovum

A

1 in a million

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10
Q

Sperm travels how many times itself

A

100,000

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11
Q

Seminal fluid produced from

A

Mainly from accessory sex glands:

  • Seminal vesicles
  • Prostrate
  • Bulbourethral glands

Small contribution from
=Epididymis/testis

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12
Q

Capacitation of sperm
-occurs where

Sequence of events that occur to sperm

A

In ionic and proteolytic environment of the Fallopian tube

  • Loss of glycoprotein oat
  • Change in surface membrane characteristics
  • Develop whiplash movmement of tail
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13
Q

What is the capacitation of sperm dependent on

A

Oestrogen and Ca2+

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14
Q

Sperm binds to what receptor

A

ZP3

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15
Q

What happens after sperm binds to ZP3

A

Influx of Ca2+ into sperm

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16
Q

Influx of Ca2+ influx stimulated by

A

Progesterone

17
Q

Progesterone

  • released by
  • What phase of the menstrual cycle is this high in

What enzymes are released from acrosome

Result of this

A
  • From corpus luteum
  • Luteal phase
  • Proteolytic enzymes and hyaluronidase
  • Spermatozoon penetrates the Zona Pellucida
18
Q

What is a first polar body in an acrosome reaction

A

Chromosome divide evenly
23:23
but not evenly with cytoplasm eventually undergoes apoptosis

19
Q

Fertilisation occurs where

What reaction does this trigger why is this important

A

Fallopian tubes

Cortical reaction

  • cortical granules release molecules which degrade Zona Pellucida
  • Prevents further sperm binding as there are no more receptors
20
Q

What happens after fertilisation at the fallopian tube

How long does this take

A

Continues to divide as it moves down Fallopian tube to uterus

3-4days

21
Q

What does the zygote receive nutrients from

How long does this take

A

Uterine secretions

9-10 days

22
Q

Pregnancy releases what hormone

From which part is this hormone released

Function of this hormone

A

hCG

hCG is released from the placenta

Maintains the corpus luteum
-acts on LH receptor

23
Q

What cells of the blastocyst form the placenta

Which cells form the embyro

A

Trophoblast

Inner cell mass form embryo

24
Q

What are 3 growth factors that are important for implantation

A

LIF. -Leukaemia Inhibition factor
IL11
Progesterone

25
Q

Implantation 2 phases

A

Attachment phase

Decidualisation phase

26
Q

Describe what happens at the attachment phase

A

Outer trophoblast cells contact uterine surface epithelium

27
Q

Describe what happens in decidualisation phase

A

Changes in underlying uterine stromal tissue – within a few hours

28
Q

What does implantation require

A

Requires progesterone domination in the presence of oestrogen

29
Q

Where is LIF secreted from

Function

A

Endometrial secretory glands &blastocyst

Stimulates adhesion of blastocyst to

30
Q

Where is LIF secreted from

Function

A

Endometrial secretory glands &blastocyst

Stimulates adhesion of blastocyst t

RR ENDO (13 decks)

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