Endocrinology - Endocrine System

Question 1

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 1

Is secreted by the parathyroid glands and acts to increase plasma Ca2+ levels opposing effects of calcitonin

Question 2

Hormones in adrenal gland

Answer 2

Catecholamines:
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline

Adrenal steroid hormones:
Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Weak Androgens

Question 3

Chromaffin cells

Answer 3

Axonless post ganglionic neurones
Secrete predominately adrenaline with small amounts of noradrenaline and dopamine

Question 4

Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid which does what?

Answer 4

Regulates Na+ and K+ balance
Part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 5

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 5

Endocrine cells in clusters scattered throughout the pancreas

Question 6

Insulin

Answer 6

Synthesised in ß-cells
Regulates blood glucose levels
Promote growth and development
Promote cellular uptake of K+
Promote uptake and utilisation of glucose in skeletal muscle and adipose
Promote fuel storage
Increases rate of synthesis and storage of energy reserves and of protein

Question 7

Glucagon

Answer 7

Synthesised in islet a-cells
Stimulates by low blood glucose
Stimulate hepatic glycogenolysis
Stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis
Stimulates lipolysis

Question 8

Which hormones act with eachother definitions

Answer 8

Synergistic - Peoduce much greater enhanced response than sum of the effects of individual hormones

Permissive - Presence if one hormone allows a second hormone to act

Antagonistic - Effects of hormones oppose each other