Endocrinology - Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

What are medications that can cause drug induced diabetes?

Answer 1

• Glucocorticoid
• Antiretrovirals for HIV (protease inhibitors mainly)
• Antirejection drugs for transplant

Question 2

Effects of high blood sugar on LDL particles

Answer 2

The particles shrink in size and become dense, allowing them to penetrate other parts of the body and increase CV risk (penetrate vascular lining)

Question 3

3 P’s in hyperglycemia

Answer 3

• Polyuria
• Polyphagia (because the sugar isn’t at the right place in the body - not efficiently being delivered to cells)
• Polydipsia

Question 4

How does hyperglycemia cause vision loss?

Answer 4

Changes in osmotic gradients due to glucose concentrations in vascular space

Question 5

IFG

Answer 5

impaired fasting glucose

Question 6

IGT

Answer 6

impaired glucose tolerance

Question 7

Diagnostic criteria for pre-diabetes

Answer 7

• A1c = 5.7-6.4%
• Fasting (no caloric intake for 8 hrs) glucose = 100-125 mg/dL
• OGTT 2 hour post prandial sugar = 140-199 mg/dL

Question 8

Diagnostic criteria for diabetes

Answer 8

• A1c >= 6.5%
• Fasting (no caloric intake for 8 hrs) glucose >= 126 mg/dL
• OGTT 2 hour post prandial sugar >= 200 mg/dL
• Symptoms + random glucose >= 200 mg/dL