Endocrinology Flashcards
What causes gigantism?
A. Lack of growth hormone in adults B. Excess growth hormone in adults C. Lack of growth hormone in children D. Excess of growth hormone in children E. Simmonds disease
D. Excess of growth hormone in children
Excess of GH in adults causes acromegaly.
In pan-hypopituitarism (Simmonds Disease), what is the first hormone typically lost?
A. Growth hormone B. Thyrotrophin hormone C. Corticotrophin hormone D. Prolactin E. Gonadotrophins
E. Gonadotrophins
Which one of these functions does oxytocin NOT perform?
A. Milk ejection B. Uterine contraction C. Constriction of umbilical arteries and veins D. Increase LH E. Maternal behaviour
D. Increase LH
In acromegaly, what response would you see in an oral glucose tolerance test?
A. Fall in growth hormone B. Fall in cortisol C. Rise in growth hormone D. Rise in cortisol E. No Change
E. No Change
Which of these Symptoms is NOT associated with Cushing’s syndrome?
A. Truncal obesity B. Acne C. Hypotension D. Osteoporosis E. Hirsutism
C. Hypotension
It’s hypertension
What is the first line medical treatment for prolactinoma?
A. Dopamine antagonist B. Prolactin antagonist C. Dopamine agonist D. Oestrogen E. Progesterone
C. Dopamine agonist
What is the cause of tertiary Cushing’s syndrome?
A. Excess production of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) B. Excess production of ACTH C. Excess production of cortisol D. Ectopic tumour E. Alcoholism
A. Excess production of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)
Which of these statements about insulin is NOT true?
A. It is 50 amino acids long B. It is packaged with C peptide C. Its secretion is biphasic D. Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibits its secretion E. It inhibits glycogenolysis
D. Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibits its secretion
Which of the following is true about Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. It is associated with obesity B. The first line treatment is diet C. Patients have elevated C peptide D. It is associated with elevated insulin levels E. It is an autoimmune condition
E. It is an autoimmune condition
True or false?
A. The insulin receptor is G-protein coupled receptor
B. Dopamine inhibits prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary
C. Supraoptic neurones pass into the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) to inhibit vasopressin and oxytocin release
D. Type 1 diabetics have a fasting blood glucose over 7.0mmol
E. POMC nuclei are inhibited by leptin, leading to increased feeding
A. The insulin receptor is G-protein coupled receptor.
FALSE - It is a TKR
B. Dopamine inhibits prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary.
TRUE
C. Supraoptic neurones pass into the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) to inhibit vasopressin and oxytocin release
FALSE - They stimulate the release
D. Type 1 diabetics have a fasting blood glucose over 7.0mmol.
TRUE
E. POMC nuclei are inhibited by leptin, leading to increased feeding
FALSE - POMC is activated by leptin –> Decreased feeding and increased metabolism
Hormones secreted by the thyroid:
A. Are nonapeptides B. Are active in the form of reverse-T3 C. Increase contractility of the heart D. Need magnesium for synthesis E. Stimulates the secretion of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus
C. Increase contractility of the heart
Aldosterone:
A. Is synthesised in the zona reticularis of the adrenal glands
B. Is under the regulation of the corticotrophin
C. Increases Na+ secretion from in the PCT
D. In excess leads to low BP and hyperkalaemia
E. In excess can be treated by spironlactone
E. In excess can be treated by spironlactone
About the anterior pituitary hormones:
A. Vasopressin release leads to an increase in blood pressure
B. Secondary Cushing’s disease is an example of hypopituitarism
C. Are regulated by the parvocellular secretory system
D. Somatostatins stimulated GH secretion
E. TSH is affects the kidneys
C. Are regulated by the parvocellular secretory system
About pancreatic hormones:
A. α-cells produce insulin
B. Ketoacidosis is a risk for Type 1 diabetics because insulin is required to inhibit ketone generation
C. Insulin secretion is decreased by the presence of amino acids
D. Glucagon is released at high blood glucose concentrations
E. Metformin is first line treatment for Type 1 diabetes mellitus
B. Ketoacidosis is a risk for Type 1 diabetics because insulin is required to inhibit ketone generation
About endocrine testing and failures:
A. Single hormone measurement is used for hormones with pulsatile release
B. TRH test- Giving TRH iv will increase TSH rapidly (<30 minutes) in primary hypothyroid disorders
C. Tertiary endocrine disorders indicate a pituitary pathology
D. LHRH test is used to assess cortisol reserve
E. Dexamethasone Suppression Test is used if hyperprolactinaemia is suspected
B. TRH test- Giving TRH iv will increase TSH rapidly (<30 minutes) in primary hypothyroid disorders
