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Exam 6 Medical Emergencies > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Which type of diabetes is characterized by low production of insulin?

A

Type 1

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

A

Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphasia, weight loss, weight loss, weakness

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3
Q

Which type of diabetes is closely related to heredity?

A

Type 1

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4
Q

What is the bodies first form of defense against hyperglycemia?

A

Buffer system - release of bicarbonate

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5
Q

Which type of diabetes results from decreased binding of insulin to cells?

A

Type 2

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6
Q

Which type of diabetes is related to heredity and obesity?

A

Type 2

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7
Q

What is a common cause of hypoglycemia in the diabetic patient?

A

Excessive administration of insulin

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8
Q

What is the cause for diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Cessation of insulin

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9
Q

Kussmauls respirations are breath sounds associated with which diabetic emergency?

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

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10
Q

Warm and dry skin is found in which type if diabetic emergencies?

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis and HHNK

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11
Q

Cold and clammy skin is found in which type if diabetic emergency?

A

Hypoglycemia

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12
Q

Cool and clammy ……..

A

Give candy

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13
Q

Hot and dry…..

A

Sugar high

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14
Q

Management for hypoglycemia includes?

A

Dextrose

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15
Q

Management for HHNK and hyperglycemia include?

A

Fluid and insulin as directed

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16
Q

Insulin-dependent diabetes

A

Type 1 diabetes

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17
Q

What are the common causes for HHNK?

A

Infections or stroke

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18
Q

What is the role of glucagon within the body?

A

Glucagon releases the livers glycogen stores

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19
Q

When is D50 discontinued?

A

When patients mental status is improved

20
Q

What is the most delayed diabetic emergency?

A

HHNK

21
Q

BS over 1000 is associated with which type of diabetic emergency?

A

HHNK

22
Q

What is the normal BS amount?

A

80-120

23
Q

What should be given blood glucose is unknown?

A

25G D50

24
Q

HHNK is typically found in which type of patient?

A

Diabetes type 2

25
Q

Which cells secrete glucagon?

A

Alpha cells

26
Q

Which cells secrete insulin?

A

Beta cells

27
Q

Which diabetic emergency has a rapid onset?

A

Hypoglycemia

28
Q

Hyperthyroidism is also known as?

A

Graves’ disease

29
Q

Protrusion of eyeballs and goiters is associated with?

A

Graves’ disease

30
Q

What are the main symptoms of Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm?

A

High fever (106° or higher), vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, delirium

31
Q

What results when thyroid hormone moves from bound state to fee state in blood?

A

Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)

32
Q

Synthroid is given for?

A

Hypothyroidism

33
Q

Myxedema is associated with?

A

Hypothyroidism

34
Q

Dough-like skin is associated with?

A

Myxedema

35
Q

Cushing syndrome is often caused by?

A

Abnormalities in the anterior pituitary or adrenal cortex.

36
Q

What are some symptoms of Cushing syndrome?

A

Moon face, weight gain, fat accumulation in upper back, impaired memory or concentration

37
Q

What is the master gland?

A

Pituitary

38
Q

What hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Growth hormone, ACTH, Thyroid Stimulating, FSH, LH

39
Q

Which hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary?

A

ADH and Oxytocin

40
Q

Which hormone stimulates calcium release by bones which will lower calcium levels?

A

Parathyroid hormone

41
Q

The thyroid secretes which hormones?

A

T3&T4 and calcitonin

42
Q

Endocrine glands are secreted where?

A

Ductless and secrete directly into circulation

43
Q

Exocrine glands secrete where?

A

Local areas

44
Q

What is the true diabetic emergency?

A

Hypoglycemia

45
Q

Define polydipsia.

A

Excessive thirst due to fluid loss

46
Q

Define polyphagia

A

Excessive hunger/stigmatization

47
Q

Was occurs in Addison’s disease?

A

Destruction of adrenal cortex

Exam 6 Medical Emergencies (4 decks)

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