Endocrinology Flashcards
Which type of diabetes is characterized by low production of insulin?
Type 1
What are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes?
Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphasia, weight loss, weight loss, weakness
Which type of diabetes is closely related to heredity?
Type 1
What is the bodies first form of defense against hyperglycemia?
Buffer system - release of bicarbonate
Which type of diabetes results from decreased binding of insulin to cells?
Type 2
Which type of diabetes is related to heredity and obesity?
Type 2
What is a common cause of hypoglycemia in the diabetic patient?
Excessive administration of insulin
What is the cause for diabetic ketoacidosis?
Cessation of insulin
Kussmauls respirations are breath sounds associated with which diabetic emergency?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Warm and dry skin is found in which type if diabetic emergencies?
Diabetic ketoacidosis and HHNK
Cold and clammy skin is found in which type if diabetic emergency?
Hypoglycemia
Cool and clammy ……..
Give candy
Hot and dry…..
Sugar high
Management for hypoglycemia includes?
Dextrose
Management for HHNK and hyperglycemia include?
Fluid and insulin as directed
Insulin-dependent diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
What are the common causes for HHNK?
Infections or stroke
What is the role of glucagon within the body?
Glucagon releases the livers glycogen stores
When is D50 discontinued?
When patients mental status is improved
What is the most delayed diabetic emergency?
HHNK
BS over 1000 is associated with which type of diabetic emergency?
HHNK
What is the normal BS amount?
80-120
What should be given blood glucose is unknown?
25G D50
HHNK is typically found in which type of patient?
Diabetes type 2
Which cells secrete glucagon?
Alpha cells
Which cells secrete insulin?
Beta cells
Which diabetic emergency has a rapid onset?
Hypoglycemia
Hyperthyroidism is also known as?
Graves’ disease
Protrusion of eyeballs and goiters is associated with?
Graves’ disease
What are the main symptoms of Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm?
High fever (106° or higher), vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, delirium
What results when thyroid hormone moves from bound state to fee state in blood?
Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)
Synthroid is given for?
Hypothyroidism
Myxedema is associated with?
Hypothyroidism
Dough-like skin is associated with?
Myxedema
Cushing syndrome is often caused by?
Abnormalities in the anterior pituitary or adrenal cortex.
What are some symptoms of Cushing syndrome?
Moon face, weight gain, fat accumulation in upper back, impaired memory or concentration
What is the master gland?
Pituitary
What hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland?
Growth hormone, ACTH, Thyroid Stimulating, FSH, LH
Which hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary?
ADH and Oxytocin
Which hormone stimulates calcium release by bones which will lower calcium levels?
Parathyroid hormone
The thyroid secretes which hormones?
T3&T4 and calcitonin
Endocrine glands are secreted where?
Ductless and secrete directly into circulation
Exocrine glands secrete where?
Local areas
What is the true diabetic emergency?
Hypoglycemia
Define polydipsia.
Excessive thirst due to fluid loss
Define polyphagia
Excessive hunger/stigmatization
Was occurs in Addison’s disease?
Destruction of adrenal cortex
