Allergy & Anaphylaxis Flashcards
What is an antigen?
A foreign substance that causes the production of antibodies when introduced to the body
What is an allergy?
An acquired hypersensitivity
Hypotension in an allergic reaction indicates?
Anaphylaxis
IgE involves?
Respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse
Moderate allergic reaction involves?
Urticaria and difficulty breathing
Benadryl dosage?
25-50
Glucagon is given in anaphylaxis for?
Patients taking beta blockers. Glucagon allows epi to be utilized in the body
What is done for patient with hypotension associated with allergic reactions?
IV fluid
A mild allergic reaction appears how?
Contact dermatitis/itching/skin only
What is the treatment for moderate allergic reactions?
0.3 mg Epi 1:1,000 IM 50 mg Benadryl IV 125 mg Solu-medrol IV Repeat Epi 1:1,000 if SOB still exists 0.25 mg terbutaline SQ
Terbutaline has what effects?
Beta 2 only
What is the treatment for patient in anaphylaxis?
0.5 mg Epinephrine 1:1,000 IV
50 mg solumedrol IV
Repeat epi if anaphylaxis is not reduced
Terbutaline is a?
Beta 2 agonist
What is the treatment for an unconscious person, with polys?
Fluids
What is a pathogen?
An invading substance which triggers an immune response?
Mast cells release?
Histamines
Histamines cause?
Vasodilation
Allergies occur when?
When sensitized to a allergen becoming an antigen
H1 receptors cause?
Bronchoconstriction and contraction of intestine
H2 receptors cause?
Vasodilation and secretion of gastric acids
______ is an invading substance which triggers an immune response
Pathogen
Which type of immunity is the direct attack of the foreign (pathogen) substance by specialized cells in the immune system?
Cellular immunity
Which type of immunity is the chemical attack of the invading substance?
Humoral
Antibodies are made by which special immune cells?
B cells
Most antigens are?
Proteins
Type 1 allergic reactions release ______
IgE
Which type of allergic reaction is fast acting?
Type 1
Leukotrienes cause what?
Major bronchoconstriction
Histamines cause?
Vasodilation
In which phase of the allergic reaction are Antibodies specific for the antigen are released to eliminate the antigen?
Secondary
Active Immunity occurs following?
Exposure to an antigen.
On what level does delayed hypersensitivity occur?
cellular immunity
