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U8 Physio > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major amino acid hormones and are they hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A 
Dopamine
Epi
NE
Serotonin 
T3/T4

Hydrophobic

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2
Q

What are the major steroid hormones and are they hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A 
Aldosteron
Cortisol
Estradiol
Progesterone
Testosterone

Hydrophobic

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3
Q 
What are the properties of steroid hormones?
Storage pools?
Interaction with cell membrane?
Receptor?
Action?
Response time?
A 
Storage pool--none
interaction with cell membrane--diffusion through
Receptor-- in cytoplasm/nucleus
Action--regulation of gene transcription
Response time--hours to days
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4
Q 
What are the properties of peptide-amine hormones?
Storage pools?
Interaction with cell membrane?
Receptor?
Action?
Response time?
A 
Storage pool-- secretory vesicles
Interaction with cell membrane-- binding to receptor on cell membrane
Receptor-- on cell membrane
Action- singla-transduction cascades 
Response time-- seconds to minutes
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5
Q

What is pseudohypoparathyroidism and what occurs with this disorder?

A

Defect in a stimulatory a subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein

impaired ability of PTH to regulate body Ca and Phos

Low—serum Ca
High– Serum phosphate

Increased circulating PTH–it just can’t act on its target

Pts at increased risk of hypothyroidism

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6
Q

What type of stimulation does the anterior pituitary receive from the hypothalamus? posterior pituitary? What type of blood supply do each receive?

A

Anterior pituitary– Vascular secretion–venous blood carrying neuropeptides

Posterior pituitary- neural connections–arterial blood

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7
Q

What type of hormones are released from the anterior pituitary?

A

proteins and glycoproteins

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8
Q

What is stimulated by GHRH released from Hypothalamus?

A

Somatroph cells in anterior pituitary stimulated to release GH that targets multiple somatic tissues

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9
Q

What is stimulated by TRH released from the hypothalamus?

A

Thyrotroph cells in anterior pituitary stimulated to release TSH that targets thyroid follicular cells–to make thyroid hormone

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10
Q

What is stimulated by CRH released from the hypothalamus?

A

Corticotroph cell is anterior pituitary stimulated to release ACTH that target fasciclata and reticularis is cells of the adrenal cortex to make corticosteroids

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11
Q

What is stimulated by GnRH released from the hypothalamus?

A

Gonadotroph cells in anterior pituitary stimulated to release FSH and LH—

FSH- stimulate ovarian follicular cells to make estrogens and progestins and sertoli cells to initiate spermatogenesis

LH- stimulate ovarian follicular cells to make estrogens and progestins and leydig cells to make testosterone

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12
Q

What is stimulated by AVP released from the hypothalamus?

A

ADH released into posterior pituitary–acts on collecting duct to increase water permeability

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13
Q

What is stimulated by OT released from the hypothalamus?

A

Oxytocin released into posterior pituitary- stimulate uterus and breast milk contraction

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14
Q

What do acidophilic cells of the anterior pituitary release?

A

GH

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15
Q

What do basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary release?

A

ACTH

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16
Q

What is an example of positive feedback on the anterior pituitary?

A

during late follicular and ovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle—high levels of estradiol cause greater secretion of the hypothalamic releasing hormone and trophic hormones in that system–responsible for ovulation at midcycle

17
Q

What causes prolactin to not be secreted all the time?

A

prolactin is under tonic inhibitory control by dopamine

18
Q

What role does prolactin play?

A

stimulates milk production also breast development during puberty and pregnancy and INHIBITS ovulation

19
Q

What stimulates prolactin release? how is it stopped?

A

TRH acts on Lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary to release prolactin

Dopamine inhibits it also prolactin has negative feedback onto the hypothalamus–to release dopamine

20
Q

What are the two hormones needed for milk production?

A

Prolactin- stimulates milk production

oxytocin- promotes milk letdown–stimulated by sight/smell/sound of infant —-synthesized by paraventricular nuclei

21
Q

What occurs when ADH levels in the plasma are high?

A

low volume of concentrated urine is produced

22
Q

What causes ADH to be released?

A

increase in serum osmolarity

23
Q

What is central diabetes insipidus and what does it cause?

A

failure of the posterior pituitary to secrete ADH

production of large volumes of dilute urine

24
Q

besides water reabsorption in the kidneys, what other thing does ADH promote?

A

contraction of vascular smooth muscle causing increase in total peripheral resistance

U8 Physio (10 decks)

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