Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ZOO3600 > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine

A

glands/cells that release hormones directly into the bloodstream, long distance signalling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

exocrine

A

glands that release products through ducts to an external surface/body cavity, localized shorter distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

paracrine

A

cells release chemical messengers that affect nearby cells, short-range no bloodstream transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lipophilic

A

fat loving molecules (lipid soluble) that can cross cell membranes because they dissolve in fats/lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

transduction

A

process where cell converts external signal into functional response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

signalling cascade

A

sequence of molecular events inside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what distance do hormones communicate over

A

long distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

exocrine examples

A

salivary gland, glands in stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

endocrine examples

A

thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

endocrine pancreas

A

secretes hormones into the blood to regulate blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

exocrine pancreas

A

secretes digestive enzymes and alkaline fluid into the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

four components of signal transduction

A

receiver: hormone receptor
transducer: receptor response to ligand binding
amplifier: signal transduction pathway increases the number of molecules affected
Responder: something that responds to signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is primary intracellular mode of action of water-soluble hormones

A

cell surface receptors activate 2nd messenger system upon hormone binding, 1st messenger carries the signal to cell, 2nd messenger relays the signal inside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

enzyme-linked receptors

A

bind hormone, generate second messenger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

g protein coupled receptors

A

bind the hormon and activate a G protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

three subunits of g proteins

A

alpha - released when g protein activated
beta, gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is cAMP

A

ATP is converted to it, second messanger that activates protein kinases

18
Q

what would an inhibitory alpha subunit do when released in cAMP sequence

A

shut off sequence of cAMP > protein kinases > phosphorylation of proteins

19
Q

5 main 2nd messenger proteins

A

cAMP, cGMP, DAG, IP3, calcium ions

20
Q

hormone cascade

A

sequence of hormonal activations where one horm. causes release of another, often involves multiple glands and layers of regulation

21
Q

negative feedback

A

maintains homeostasis by reducing hormone secretion once desired effects acheived

22
Q

positive feedback

A

amplifies a hormone response

23
Q

neurosecretory cell

A

type of neuron that produces and releases hormones directly into bloodstream, allows for comm. between nervous and endocrine systems

24
Q

where are neurosecretory cells found

A

hypothalamus, pituary gland

25
Q

pituary gland

A

found at base of brain connected to hypothalamus, master regulator

26
Q

posterior pituitary

A

neural tissue from which hypothalamic neurosecretory cells secrete into the blood

27
Q

anterior pituitary

A

endocrine tissue producing tropic hormones

28
Q

tropic hormone

A

targets other endocrine glands or tissues

29
Q

trophic hormone

A

stimulates growth in target tissues

30
Q

principal neurohormones

A

oxytocin and vasopressin

31
Q

neurohormone process

A
  1. make protein
  2. bring down terminal
  3. bring down to blood
32
Q

four components

A

receiver, transducer, amplifier, responder

33
Q

receiver

A

hormone receptor

34
Q

transducer

A

receptor response to ligand binding

35
Q

amplifier

A

signal transduction pathway increases the number of molecules affected

36
Q

responder

A

responds to the signal

37
Q

feedback loop

A

Low thyroid hormone levels → hypo release TRH
TRH stims ant pit to release TSH
TSH stims thyroid to release thyroid hormones
High thyroid horm level inhibits release of TRH and TSH from hypo and pit

38
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

male/female sex organ traits (size, function, etc.)

39
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

benefits mating processes (behaviour, flashiness, etc.)

40
Q

hypophysio hormones

A

stim/inhib secretion of peptide hormoens from anterior pituitary gland

41
Q
A

ZOO3600 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions