Endocrinology Flashcards
The most common cause of hypothyroidism.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
High TSH, low T4, anti-TPO antibodies.
Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and ↓ TSH.
Graves’ disease.
The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome.
Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration. The second most common cause is Cushing’s disease.
A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH.
.
Hypoparathyroidism
Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones.”
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia.
A patient complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria; examination reveals hypertension and tetany. Labs show hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.
1° hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia).
A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic.
.
Pheochromocytoma
Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma, α- or β-antagonists?
α-antagonists (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine).
A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI).
Treatment of central DI.
Administration of DDAVP and free-water restriction.
A postoperative patient with significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status.
SIADH due to stress.
An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis.
.
Metformin
A patient presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation. Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Treatment?
1° adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Treat with glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids.
Goal HbA1c for a patient with diabetes mellitus (DM).
< 7.0.
