Endocrinology

Question 1

What does GLP do?

Answer 1

Glucagon-like peptide - increases insulin secretion and reduces glucagon secretion

Question 2

Examples of GLP analogues

Answer 2

Exenatide: given as injection before each meal

Liralglutide: given as daily injection

Question 3

Benefits and adverse effects of GLP analogues

Answer 3

Good: weight loss

Bad: nausea and vomiting

Question 4

Examples of DPP4 inhibitors

Answer 4

Sitaliptin

Linagliptin

Question 5

How do DPP4 inhibitors work?

Answer 5

Inhibit DPP4 enzyme, therefore reducing the breakdown of GLP-1

Results in increased insulin and reduced glucagon

Question 6

How are DPP4 inhibitors administered?

Answer 6

Oral

Question 7

How are GLP-1 analogues administered?

Answer 7

Subcut injection

Question 8

Mechanism of action in metformin

Answer 8

1) Activates AMPK
2) Increases insulin secretion
3) Decreases gluconeogenesis

Question 9

If a patient has intolerable side effects to metformin what can you consider?

Answer 9

Metformin MR

Question 10

Contraindications to metformin

Answer 10

CKD

Tissue hypoxia e.g. recent MI

Question 11

Side effects of metformin

Answer 11

Diarrhoea

B12 deficiency