Endocrinology Flashcards
how to treat malignancy related hypercalcaemia
fluids, bisphosphonates
treat underlying malignancy
what antihypertensives should people with phaeo start?
alpha blocker
carcinoid syndrome symptoms
flushing diarrhoea bronchospasm weight loss hyper/hypotension
where are primary carcinoid tumours mainly foudn
ileum and appendix
where do carcinoid tumours usually metastasise
liver - syndrome produced when it bypasses normal hepatic breakdown
investigations for carcinoid
echocardiogram
CT CAP
24h urine collection for 5-HIAA
somatostatin receptor scintigraphy
what cardiac problem is most common in carcinoid syndrome
tricuspid stenosis/regurgitation
50% have heart disease
what complications are associated with carcinoid syndrome
valve problems
malabsorption of nicotinic acid (pellagra)
hepatic mets
desmoplastic tumours in mesentery
what cells do carcinoid tumours arise from
argentaffin cells
treatment options for carcinoid syndrome
antihistamines for itching/flushing
ocreotide to block tumor mediators
alpha-interferon reduces tumour
surgical resection/ablation
if neck lump swelling moves on swallowing where is it
on the thyroid gland
thyrotoxic storm treatment
IV fluids analgesia as needed IV antibiotics Urgent endo review propranolol proppylthiouracil hydrocortisone cardiac monitoring/pulse oxim
what visual defect is caused by a lesion in the optic chiasm
bitemporal hemianopia
what is a superior quadrantanopioa caused by
a lesion in the optic radiation
what causes homonymous hemianopia
lesion in optic tract
