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6 Endocrine > Endocrineywiney > Flashcards

Endocrineywiney Flashcards

1
Q

What HRT should be given to ladies without a uterous

A

don’t need progesterone- only women with uterus need

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2
Q

why is HRT used in early menopause

A

because women are at increased risk of oesteoperosis

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3
Q

Why are we giving progesterone cyclically with the oestrogen

A

to prevent cancer of the uterous (or the missing but in a hyderectomy) from developping

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4
Q

Is tibolone given cyclically

A

no - continuous

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5
Q

when is early menopause and how long do we treat it for

A

before 45

treat until usualy menopause - 50

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6
Q

under what age do the benifits of HRT probably outweigh the risks

A

under 60

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7
Q

how many days of the cycle is progesterone given

A

at least 10 of 28

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8
Q

when is the risk of DVT with HRT highest

A

first year

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9
Q

how long before surgery should we stop hrt

A

4-6 weeks

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10
Q

What are the rules for when pred should NOT be abruptly withdrawn

A
  • dose over 40mg for over 1 week
  • repeated doses in the evening
  • more than 3 weeks treatment
  • short course within 1 year of stopping long term therapy
  • received repeated short courses (particularly if taken for longer than 3 weeks)
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11
Q

why is hydrocortisone not suitable long term (use pred instead)

A

high mineralocorticoid activity resulting in fluid retention)

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12
Q

what vaccines should be avoided in people receiving systemic corticosteroids

A

live

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13
Q

diseases someone on long term steroids should be councelled about

A

avoid chicken pox, measales, shingles

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the dexamthasone suppression test

A

diagnose cushing syndrome

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15
Q

5 mineralocorticoid side-effects

A 
hypertension
sodium retension
water retention
potassium loss
calclium loss
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16
Q

what suprise drug is used to TREAT cushing syndrome

What is the caution with this

A

ketoconazole

liver toxicity- no longer recommended for antifungal effect

17
Q

when is BM monitoring suitable in T2DM

A

insulin treated
using drugs causing hypos
to monitor effects of lifestyle changes or illness
to ensure safe levels when driving

18
Q

how much glucose is used to treat a hypo initially….

and then

A

10-20g
repeat if needed after 10-15 mins

then have a long acting carb snack

19
Q

what is used to treat an unconcious hypo

A

glucagon - when possible carbs by mouth

20
Q

what % glucose is idea for treating hypo by IV

A

20%

50% increased risk of extravisation

21
Q

what is an option for treating post menopausal arthritis if bisphosphoantes are not an option
(3)

A

HRT - but bone loss continues once stopped

calcitrol
strontium

22
Q

why is calcitonin salmon no longer recommended for oesteoperosis?

A

risk of malignancy outweighs benifits

23
Q

when in steroid therapy does the most bone loss occur

A

first 6-12 months

24
Q

consider prophylaxic treament for oesteoperotic fractures for people likely to be taking steroids for how long

A

over 3 months

25
Q

strotium ranelate has what warning associated with it

A

CV risk

26
Q

what oesteoperosis fracture preventing drug must be stopped for temporary or prolonged immobilisation

A

strontium

27
Q

Which is longer acting desmopressin or vasopressin?

Which is used for maintinance of diabetes insipudus

A

Desmonpressin - longer acting maintaince

28
Q

which has vasocontrictor effect, desmopressin or vasopressin?

A

Vasopressin - so used for variceal bleeding in portal hypertension

29
Q

what drug is used to correct hyponautremia caused by inapprpriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone

A

demeclocycline

30
Q

electrolyte imbalance caused by demopressin

A

hyponautraemic convulsion

31
Q

dopamine receptor agonists, including quinagolide for hyperlactinemia, pretty much all carry what warning?
What other warning is quinagolide associated with?

A

Sudden onset of sleep

Hypotensive reactions

32
Q

ways to reduce breast pain (2)

A

reduction in dietary fat

not using OC/HRT

33
Q

what warning is associated with prostate cancer drugs such as goserelin (anything ending in -elin)

A

tumour flare - initial increase in tumour progression due to higher levels of circulating testosterone

May cause spinal cord compression. Consider different treatments if this is likely.

34
Q

why should iodine not be used for the long term treatment of hyperthyroidism

A

action tends to diminish over time

35
Q

betablockers are somtimes used to treat thyrotoxicosis. But do they affect thyroid funciton tests?

A

no

36
Q

what is the hyperthyroid treatment of choice in each stage of preg

A

1st trimester - propylthiuricil (carbimazole associated with defects)
2nd onwards - carbimazole (less hepatotoxicty)

37
Q

Carbimazole BNF safety warning box?

A

neutropenia and agranualocytosis

6 Endocrine (5 decks)

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