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Pharmacology > Endocrines > Flashcards

Endocrines Flashcards

0
Q

Pit:

What are the IGF-1 Agonists and Antagonists?

A

Ago: Mecasermin

Antago: None

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1
Q

Pituitary:

What are the Growth Hormone Agonists? Antagonists?

A

Agonist: Somatotropin

Antagonist: Octreotide, Pegvisomant

IGF-1 Agonist is Mecasermin

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2
Q

Pit:

What are the Gonadotropin Agonists and Antagonists?

A

Ago: Follitropin, Lutropin, hCG

Antago: Ganirelix, Leuprolide

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3
Q

Pit:

Prolactin Antagonist?

A

Antagonist: Bromocriptine

No agonist

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4
Q

Pit:

Oxytocin Agonist and Antagonist?

A

Ago: Oxytocin

Antagonist: Atosiban

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5
Q

Pit:

Vasopressin Ago and antago?

A

Ago: Desmopessin

Antago: Conivaptan

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6
Q

Thyroid

Thyroid Hormone Agonist and Antag?

A

Ago: Levothyroxine

Antag: Propylthiouracil

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7
Q

Bone:

All Agonists?

A

ACCCDRT

Alendronate
Raloxifene
Teriparatide
Cholecalciferol
Calcitonin
Cinacalcet
Denosumab
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8
Q

What is GnRH Agonist and Antagonist?

A

Ago: Leuprolide
Antago: Ganirelix

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9
Q

What is FSH agonist?

A

Follitropin, no antagonist

Used to promote multiple follicles for in vitro fertilization

Treat men for infertility

Adv effects: Ovarian Hyperstimulation syndrome
			sudden enlargement of ovaries
			pain, ascites, pleural effusion, sob
			can only give supportive treatment
		Multiple births
		Gynecomastia
		Headache, depression, edema
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10
Q

What is LH agonist?

A

Lutropin and hCG. No antagonist

Used for initiation of ovulation during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

sperm production

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11
Q

What are menotropins and waht are they used for?

A

Its a hormonal prep of equal FSH and LH activity from urine

Promotes follicular maturation in women, infertility in men

IM admnin

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12
Q

GnRH Antagonists

the relix…

Ganirelix, cetrorelix, degarelix

A

Block GnRH receptors in pit so this decreases LH and FSH release

SC injection

SEs:
n/v ha weight gain

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13
Q

Ganirelix used for?

A

women: those taking drugs to promote follicle maturation. it blocks LH release so there isnt premature ovulation

Men: prostate cancer bc it reduces testost production

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14
Q

GnRH Agonists may be used to stimulate or inhibit FSH and LH. What are they?

A

Leuprolide, Naferin, Goserlin (analogs)

stimulates pit/gonadal axis by delivering GnRH in a pulsatile at a LOW DOSE

At a HIGH DOSE it will have an inhib effect. at first stims FSH and LH, but then there is so much GnRH (or its analog) that the receptors become downregulated and desensitized which leads to no FSH and LH

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15
Q

What are the treatments used for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in prep for in vitro fertilization?

A

Gonadotropins to stimulate the follicles
hCG to trigger oocyte release
GnRH agonist/antag: PREVENT premature LH surge or spontaneous ovulation

16
Q

What is another use of GnRH agonists to suppress gonadatropin production?

A

malignancies that are dependent upon gonadal steroids
ie advanced prostate cancer
combine with flutamide
also breast cancer

Precocious Puberty

17
Q

Leuprolide for Endometriosis

A

Reduces pain and reduces lesions

18
Q

Prolactin

Hyperprolactinemia

A

Elevated prolactin due to a prolactin secreting adenoma
may cause infertility

Use a Dopamine Agonist
BROMOCRIPTINE orally or vaginally…may cause orthostatic htn

19
Q

What is an oxytocin antagonist and what is it used for?

A

Atosiban: Blocs oxy receptors, decrease uterine contractions so used for preterm labor

given iv

20
Q

What is desmopressin used for?

A

Vasopressin agonist, work on V2 in kidney

replacement therapy in central diabetes insipidus (ADH deficiency)

21
Q

What is conivaptan used for?

A

Conivaptan:

Blocks V1 & V2 receptors,
Used for Hyponatremia in hospital patients, IV

22
Q

What is a somatostatin agonist?

A

Octreotide

23
Q

If you have a GH deficiency, what hormone is given?

A

Somatotropin

Can be given to short stature/growth failure children

not for adults

24
Q

How is adult GH deficiency syndrome treated?

A

Treat with growth hormone to reverse abnormalities and restore functional capacities, need lower doses than children

25
Q

What is mecasermin?

A

Recombinant IGF-1. used for deficiency of GH signaling. so when exogenous GH has no effect, use this

can cause intracranial htn

26
Q

What does Octreotide do?

A

Somatostatin Agonist, inhibits release of GH

can cause GI, gallstones, bradycardia

27
Q

What is Pegvisomant and what does it do?

A

Its a GH Receptor Antagonist
Blocks GH receptors

But you get increased liver enzymes…

28
Q

What are the two hormones that inhibit TSH

A

Somatostatin and dopamine

the only two inhibitory hormones

29
Q

What are the inhibitors of thyroid hormone synthesis? Basically what are hyperthryoid treatments

A

Thioamides
Methimazole-blocks thyroid peroxidase reaction, iodine organification. use rt before thyroid resection, graves, with radiation, crisis
watch out for fever or sore throat bc of agranulocytosis

Propylthiouracil (severe liver toxicity)

Propranolol
Used in SEVERE thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm), inhibits conversion of T4 –>T3

30
Q

What are the most common treatments for osteoporosis? How doe they work?

A

Bisphosphonates: work by binding to ca PO4 in bone and incorporates itself into the bone matrix for months to years.
also inhibit osteoclasts, and their nbrs.

Can also treat Pagets in bone and osteop in men and women

ALENDRONATE (fosamax)

Ibandronate (Boniva) (useful with esophageal disorder)
Risedronate (Actonel)
Zoledronic Acid (Reclast)

SEs: Alondronate
BRON-biphosphate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (local bone death due to hypoperfusion, usu after dental procedures)

31
Q

SERMs (again…)

How are they used to protect against osteoporosis?

A

Raloxifene (Evista)

acts on estrogen receptors to preserve bone density
prevent osteoblast death

no uterine or breast cancer, but increased risk of thrombophlebitis

32
Q

PTH agonist?

A

TeriPARATide

for severe osteoporosis

33
Q

What is a calcimimetic and what is it used for?

A

Cinacalcet
Neg feedback on PTH gland

Use in hyperPTH

can cause hypocalcemia

34
Q

What is DENOSUMAB?

A

It is a MAB that binds to RANKL and prevents its activity

Inhibits osteoclast formation

Prevents fractures in those with bone mets from solid tumors

for postmenopausal women

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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