Endocrine Tissues & Glands Flashcards
Pituitary Gland - (Hypophysis)
Anterior - (Adenophypophysis)
Posterior - (Neurohypophysis)
- Location
- What Hormones does it secrete
Location - Base of the Brain
Secretes -
TSH - Thyroid-Stimulating hormone
ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Gonadotrophins
(FSH) - Follice-Stimulating hormone
(LH) - Luteinizing hormone
(GH) growth hormone
Prolactin
(MSH) - Melanocyte-Stimulating hormone
(ADH) - Antidiuretic Hormone
Vasopressin
Oxytocin’s
Thyroid Gland
- Location
- What does it secrete
Location - Anterior to the trachea (two lobes)
Secretes -
Thyroxine (T4)
Triodothyroinine (T3)
Parathyroid Gland
- Location
- What does it secrete
Location -
Lie on the dorsal surface of the thyroid gland (4 glands - 2 pairs)
Secretes -
Parathormone (PTH)
Adrenal Gland
- Location
- What does It secrete
Location -
Top of the each Kidney
(2 sections - medulla is inner and 2 cortex surrounds medulla)
Secretes -
Cortex - Corticosteriods (glucosteriods and mineralcorticiods)
Small amounts of androgen, estrogen, and progestin.
Pancreas
- location
- what does it secrete
Location -
Left of and behind the stomach (Exocrine and Endocrine Gland)
Secretes -
Exocrine secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum
Endocrine has cell clusters called islets of langerhans, Alpha islet cells produce glucagons,
Beta cells secrete insulin
Glycoproteins and peptide hormones
- Synthesis and storage
- Transport in blood
- Location of receptor
- Response to receptor Ligand binding
- Examples
- Made in advance; stored in secretory vesicles
- Dissolved in plasma
- Cell membrane
- Activation of second messenger systems; may activate gene expression
- Insulin, Glucagon, Prolactin, ACTH, PTH, Gastrin
Steroid Hormones
- Synthesis and storage
- Transport in blood
- Location of receptor
- Response to receptor Ligand binding
- Examples
- Synthesis on demand from precursors
- Bound to carrier protein
- Cytoplasm or nucleus; Some have membrane receptors to
- Activation of genes for transcription and translation; may have non-genomic actions
- Oestrogen, androgens, progesterone, cortisol, glucocorticoids
Amino acid Derived hormones - Catecholamines
- Synthesis and storage
- Transport in blood
- Location of receptor
- Response to receptor Ligand binding
- Examples
- Made in advance; stored in secretory vesicles
- Dissolved in plasma
- Cell membrane
- Activation of second messenger system
- Adrenalin, Noradrenalin, Dopamine
Amino acid Derived hormones - Thyroid hormone
- Synthesis and storage
- Transport in blood
- Location of receptor
- Response to receptor Ligand binding
- Examples
- Made in advance; stored in secretory vesicles
- Bound to carrier proteins
- Nucleus
- Activation of genes for transcription and translation
- Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3)
Lipid Hormone
- Synthesis and storage
- Transport in blood
- Location of receptor
- Response to receptor Ligand binding
- Examples
- Synthesis on demand from precursors
- Dissolved in plasma and bound to carrier proteins
- Cell Membrane
- Activation of second messenger system
- Thromboxanes, Prostaglandins, Endocannabinoids
Was do Endocannaboids do, how were they used to treat obesity
Endocannabinoids, Creates the hunger symptoms
- Drug used to inhibit Endocannabinoids
- patients lost 50 % of body weight
- How ever there is a side effect that makes you suicidal
What does the Hypothalamus deal with
Hypothalamus deals with:
– Thermoregulation, panting, sweating, shivering, etc.
– Plasma osmolality via osmoreceptors
– Heart rate, blood pressure
– Feeding, satiety, regulation of the gastrointestinal tract
– Circadian rhythms, wakefulness, sleep (nerves from retina)/ hormones (melatonin from pineal gland)
– Stimuli from the autonomic nervous system (both sympathetic and parasympathetic)
– Emotion, sexual behaviour, mood
– Lactation (suckling/baby crying)
What does the Hypothalamus produce, and what do they travel through
Hypothalamusproduces
– Vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin that travel to posterior pituitary through nerves
– Six hormones that travel via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system (blood) to the anterior pituitary.
What are the two lobes of the pituitary
The Anterior Pituitary
The Posterior Pituitary
What is the difference between a typical circulatory group and a portal circulatory group
Portal circulatory system differ from there typical circulatory route in that the blood passes through two steps of smaller vessels before returning to the heart.
Blood from the first sets of capillaries collects in portal vessels (sometimes calls portal veins) which then begins to branch again to supply a capillary network to a second location before entering a series of veins which lead to the heart.
In the Typical Circulatory Route when blood branches out into capillaries it becomes de-oxygenated
In Portal Circulatory Route, After first branch out blood becomes deoxygenated, after second branch out blood becomes Anoxic, no oxygen.
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system, Brief overview
Oxygenated blood goes into the hypothalamus, picks up releasing factors and travels through the portal system in to the anterior pituitary, where it then acts in different trophic cells to release hormones
Development of the Endocrine System
At 4 weeks gestation, no endocrine glands have formed
From weeks 5 onwards:
- Pituitary develops from neurohypophyseal bud and
hypophyseal pouch - Thyroid develops from floor of pharynx – 2nd pouch
- Parathyroid and thymus develop from 3rd and 4th
pharyngeal pouches - Pancreas develops from the foregut
- Adrenals develops from intermediate mesoderm and
neural crest