Endocrine Tissue Lec 6 Flashcards
Name 5 Examples of what the Hypothalamus deals with.
Feeding- satiation Plasma Osmality Heart Rate Wakefulness Stimuli from the autonomic nervous system Emotion- sexual behaviour Lactation
Name the two key hormones the hypothalamus produces and where they travel to
Vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin. They travel to the posterier pituitary via nerves
Where does ADH act?
Kidneys
Where does oxytocin act?
Males- smooth muscle and prostate gland
Females- Uterine smooth muscle
Where is the thyroid gland found?
The 3rd/4th cartilage ring down on the anterior trachea in the neck
Give the relative THS, Thyroxine (T4) and Tri-iodothyronine (T3) concs in a patient with Grave’s Disease. Give brief explanation
Grave’s disease is where the thyroid is overactive therefore there will be a high Thyroxine and Tri-iodothyronine level which are secreted from the thyroid. There will be low levels of Thyroid stimulating hormone (THS) as it is already releasing too much.
Give the relative concentrations of THS, Thyroxine (T4) and Tri-iodothyronine (T3) in a patient with Hashimoto’s disease.
Hashimoto’s disease is where the thyroid is under active. Therefore there are low levels of T4 and T3 and high levels fo TSH to try and make the thyroid secrete more.
What is the definition of a stress response?
The state of a real or perceived threat to homeostasis
Give 3 physiological and 3 Behavioural changes that occur during a stress response?
Physiological-
Increased respiratory rate, Increase heart rate, Increased metabolism
Behavioural-
Increased analgesia (inability to feel pain), Increased alertness, Increased Euphoria.
During a stress response vegetative functions eg growth, digestion and feeding decrease
Where are parathyroid glands located?
Behind Thyroid glands which are found on the 3rd/4th ring on the trachea
Describe the physiological changes that occur by the short term stress response of the adrenal gland.
- Increased heart rate
- Increased blood pressure
- Liver stimulated to convert glycogen to glucose which is release into the blood
- Dilation of bronchioles
- Changes in blood flow leading to increased alertness, decreased digestive and urinary functions
- Increased metabolic rate
Describe the physiological effects of the long term stress response by the adrenal glands.
- Increased water retention by the kidneys
- Increased blood vol and blood pressure
- Increased blood sugar
- Decrease function of immune response
Give 3 exocrine functions of the pancreas.
Production of Amylase Lipase Deoxyribonuclease Ribonuclease Gelatinise Elastase Trypsinogen Chymotrypsinogen
Give 3 Endocrine functions of the pancreas
Production of
Glucagon (alpha cells)
Insulin (beta cells)
Somatostatin (inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion)
There are others found on slide 29 of lec 6
