Endocrine Sytem

Question 1

What links the CNS to the endocrine system?

Answer 1

The Hypothalamus

They hypothalamus is outside BBB so it can respond to hormone concentrations in systemic circulation.

Question 2

How does hypothalamus communicate with the pituitary gland?

Answer 2

With hormones for ant. Pituitary gland
With neural connections with post. Pituitary gland

Question 3

Name the Hypothalamic hormones

Answer 3

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Prolactin-releasing factor
Prolactin-inhibiting factor
Growth hormone-releasing factor
Growth hormone-inhibiting factor

Question 4

Where are ADH and oxytocin synthesized?

Answer 4

Hypothalamus

Question 5

Another name for the ant. Pituitary gland?

Answer 5

Adenohyphysis

Question 6

Another name for the post. Pituitary gland?

Answer 6

Neurohypophysis

Question 7

Name the ant. Pituitary hormones

Answer 7

Follicle-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Adrenocortiocotropic hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Prolactin
Growth Hormone

FLAT PiG (ignore the i)

Question 8

Name the diseases caused by hyper or hyposection of pituitary hormones.

Answer 8

Screenshot the chart and add it here.

Question 9

Which hormones are not affected by negative feedback?

Answer 9

Oxytocin
Prolactin output is under neural control, where increased dopamine decreases prolactin release. This is why DA antagonists (metoclopramide) cause hyperprolactinemia.

Question 10

Explain issues of ADH secretion.

Answer 10

Copy chart from apex here.

Question 11

another name for growth hormone?

Answer 11

Somatotropin

Question 12

Main cause of acromegaly?

Answer 12

Pituitary adenoma

Question 13

Anesthetic mgmt considerations for Acromegaly

Answer 13

Distored facial features (difficult mask ventilation)
Large tongue, teeth, and epiglottis (difficult laryngoscopy)
Subglottic narrowing and vocal cord enlargement (use small ETT)
Turbinate enlargement (avoid nasal intubation if possible)
OSA is common
INcreaed risk of HTN, CAD, and rhythm disturbances
Glucose intolerance
Skeletal muscle weakness
Entrapment neuropathies are common

Question 14

Explain differences between T4 and T3

Answer 14

Copy chart from apex

Question 15

Two effects of TSH on ant. Pituitary gland

Answer 15

1. Tells thyroid to produce T3 and T4 (Requires Iodine).
2. Tells follicular tissues to produce thyroglobulin colloid (does not require iodine).

Question 16

Explain the cause of an endemic goiter?

Answer 16

In the patient with a hypoactive thyroid, there is not enough T3 and T4 for the negative feedback loop, so TSH keeps stimulation the thyroid glad to make thyroglobulin colloid causing the thyroid glad to increase in size.

Question 17

Formula that explains “on switch” effects of thyroid hormone?

Answer 17

Thyroid hormone > ^BMR > ^O2 consumption > ^ CO2 production

Question 18

What are effects of thyroid hormone on organ systems?

Answer 18

Copy chart from apex

Question 19

What is cretinism?

Answer 19

Complication of neonatal hypothyroidism that leads to limited physical and mental development.