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Anaphy > Endocrine Systems > Flashcards

Endocrine Systems Flashcards

1
Q

what consists of glands that produce chemical hormones

A

Endocrine System

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2
Q

these chemical messengers that are produced in the endocrine systems are called

A

hormones

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3
Q

glands that secrete material in tubules or ducts (such as sweat and salivary glands) are known as

A

exocrine glands

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4
Q

what area is very receptive to hormones

A

target areas

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5
Q

what it is called when many hormones regulate the internal environment of the body in a homeostatic response

A

negative feedback loop

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6
Q

secretes both stimulating and inhibitory hormones and has a major role in controlling endocrine functions

A

hypothalamus

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7
Q

develops from the diencephalon of the brain and it also resembles a pine nut

A

pineal gland

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8
Q

what hormone does the pineal gland secretes?

A

melatonin

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9
Q

it inhibits the release of hormones in the hypothalamus that stimulate the production of sex hormones and it is also regulates circadian rhythms

A

melatonin

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10
Q

what do you call when the pituitary gland is suspended from the base of the brain by a stalk?

A

infundibulum

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11
Q

it stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

A

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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12
Q

it promotes the growth of most of the cells and tissues of the body

A

growth hormone (GH)

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13
Q

it stimulates mammary glands to produce milk

A

prolactin

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14
Q

they are hormones that stimulate the growth and control function of the ovaries and testes

A

gonadotropins

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15
Q

there are two types of gonadotropins, what are they and define them

A

follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, they stimulate the production of sex cells in the ovaries and testes

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16
Q

controls hormone production in the adrenal cortex

A

Adrenocorticotropin

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17
Q

the neurohypophysis is composed of what tissue that originated from the base of the brain

A

nervous tissue

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18
Q

what hormones does the anterior pituitary produce?

A

TSH
GH
LTH
FSH
LH
ACTH
Gonadrotropins

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19
Q

what is another word for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

thyrotropin

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20
Q

what is another word for growth hormone (GH)?

A

somatotropin

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21
Q

what is another word for Prolactin?

A

luteotropin

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22
Q

what is the meaning of the acronym (FSH)?

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

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23
Q

what is the meaning of the acronym (LH)?

A

luteinizing hormone

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24
Q

what is the meaning of the acronym (ACTH)?

A

Adrenocorticotropin

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25
Q

what stimulates the reabsorption and retention of water by the kidneys?

A

Antidiuretic hormone

26
Q

stimulates the contraction of the cells of the mammary glands to release milk

A

Oxytocin

27
Q

the anterior pituitary can be divided into three parts, what are they?

A

par tuberalis, par intermedia, par distalis

28
Q

a storage of molecules consisting of many thyroid molecules

A

colloid

29
Q

thyroid gland secretes three types of specific hormones, what are they?

A

(T3) triiodothyronine, (T4) tetraiodothyronine and calcitonin

30
Q

these hormones increase basal metabolic rates

A

T3 and T4

31
Q

causes the deposition of calcium in bone by decreasing osteoclast activity

A

calcitonin

32
Q

what is another word for parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

parathormone

33
Q

the posterior portion of the thyroid are typically two pairs of organs called the?

A

parathyroid glands

34
Q

responsible for increasing the blood calcium levels

A

parathyroid hormone

35
Q

what hormone causes the maturation of the T cells?

A

thymosin

36
Q

is a mixed gland that has an exocrine function and an endocrine function?

A

pancreas

37
Q

what hormones secretes out of pancreas endocrine function?

A

insulin and glucagon

38
Q

what happens when blood glucose levels drop?

A

glucagon converts glycogen to glucose

39
Q

what hormone inhibits insulin and glucagon?

A

somatostatin

40
Q

composed of the cortex and an inner medulla that is located superior to the kidneys?

A

adrenal glands

41
Q

what hormones are secreted from the adrenal cortex called?

A

corticosteroid hormones

42
Q

hormones that are important in water and electrolyte balance

A

corticosteroid hormones

43
Q

a cluster of cells that secrete mineralocorticoids

A

zona glomerulosa

44
Q

consists of parallel bundles of cells that secrete glucocorticoids

A

zona fasciculata

45
Q

consists of a branched pattern of cells that produce both glucocorticoids and sex hormones

A

zona reticularis

46
Q

what hormones does the zona fasciculata produce?

A

glucocorticoids

47
Q

what hormones does the zona glomerulosa produce?

A

mineralocorticoids

48
Q

what hormones does the zona reticularis produce?

A

glucocorticoids and sex hormones

49
Q

what are types of sex hormones?

A

androgens and estrogens

50
Q

two hormones that are produced in the adrenal medulla are?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

51
Q

what are gonads?

A

testes and ovaries that produce sex hormones

52
Q

what hormone produces from the testes?

A

testosterone

53
Q

what hormone produces from the ovaries?

A

estrogen and progesterone

54
Q

melatonin is secreted by which gland?

A

Pineal gland

55
Q

what specific part of which gland is ADH stored?

A

Posterior Pituitary

56
Q

what does glucagon do as a hormone, and where is it produced?

A

Glucagon increases blood glucose levels and it is produced in the pancreas

57
Q

what is the primary gland that secretes epinephrine?

A

Adrenal Glands

58
Q

where is growth hormone produced?

A

Anterior Pituitary

59
Q

what connects two lobes of the thyroid gland?

A

medial isthmus

60
Q

does parathormone increase or decrease calcium levels int he blood?

A

increase

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