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Anaphy > Anatomy and Physiology of the Muscles > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of the Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

supports the body with strong bones, cartilage and ligaments

A

Skeletal System

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2
Q

muscle to bone, contraction and pulling of tendons

A

Body Movement

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3
Q

has minerals, adipose tissue

A

Mineral Storage

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4
Q

matrix that always contains, collagen, ground substances, and other organic molecules

A

Extracellular Matrix

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5
Q

bone forming cells, does the repairing and modeling of bones

A

Osteoblasts

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6
Q

osteoblasts that become surrounded by matrix

A

Osteocytes

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7
Q

bone destroying cells, bone absorption and also contribute to the bone repair modeling

A

Osteoclasts

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8
Q

where can you mostly find long bones in the human body?

A

upper and lower limbs

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9
Q

where can you mostly find short bones in the human body?

A

wrist and ankle

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10
Q

where can you mostly find flat bones in the human body?

A

skull, ribs, scapula and sternum

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11
Q

where can you mostly find irregular bones in the human body?

A

vertebrae and facial bones

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12
Q

bones that are porous, has less bone matrix and more space than compact bone

A

Spongy bones

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13
Q

bones that are less porous and has less space than spongy bones

A

Compact bones

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14
Q

shaft of the bone

A

Diaphysis

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15
Q

Proximal and Distal end of the bones

A

Epiphysis

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16
Q

covers the ends of the epiphyses where the bone articulates with other bones and it is also made up of hyaline cartilage

A

Articular Cartilage

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17
Q

canal inside the shaft

A

Medullary Cavity

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18
Q

covers the outer surface of bone except where an articular cartilage is present

A

Periosteum

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19
Q

lines and inner cavities of the bone

A

Endosteum

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20
Q

composed of cartilage, between each epiphysis and the diaphysis

A

Epiphyseal plate/ growth plate

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21
Q

soft tissue that fills the spaces of diaphysis and epiphysis

A

Bone marrow

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22
Q

marrow that has adipose tissue

A

yellow marrow

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23
Q

marrow that produces blood cells

A

red marrow

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24
Q

osteoblasts deposit new bone matrix on the surface of bones

A

Appositional Growth

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25
Q

the removal of existing or old bone by osteoclasts and the deposition of new bone by osteoblasts

A

Bone remodeling

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26
Q

calcium absorption

A

Vitamin D

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27
Q

increases collagen formation

A

Vitamin C

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28
Q

increases general tissue growth

A

growth hormone

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29
Q

required for normal growth of all tissues

A

Thyroid hormone

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30
Q

when there’s low calcium what happens to the osteoclastic

A

increases its activity

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31
Q

when there’s high calcium what happens to the osteoclastic

A

decreases its activity

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32
Q

type of muscle responsible for facial expressions

A

face muscles

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33
Q

raises the eyebrows

A

occipitofrontalis

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34
Q

closes the eyelids, wrinkles at the lateral corners of the eye

A

orbicularis oculi

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35
Q

raises the upper eyelids

A

levator palpebrae superiors

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36
Q

draws the eyebrows inferior and medially

A

corrugator supercili

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37
Q

kissing muscles or puckering of lips

A

orbicularis oris

38
Q

compresses the cheeks to hold food between teeth

A

buccinator

39
Q

muscles for smiling, acts on upper lips

A

zygomatic major and minor

40
Q

smiling, acts on angle of the mouth

A

risorius

41
Q

separates upper lip by pulling the upper lip upwards

A

levator anguli oris

42
Q

raises upper lip, sneering

A

levator labii superioris

43
Q

lowers corner of the mouth (frowning)

A

depressor anguli oris

44
Q

separates lips by pulling down the lower lip

A

depressor labii inferiors

45
Q

wrinkle of chin

A

Mentalis

46
Q

located anterior and lateral of part of the neck

A

sternocleidomastoid

47
Q

widest muscle in the body

A

trapezius

48
Q

located in the neck but inserts to the first and second rib, to elevate them during inspiration

A

scalene muscles

49
Q

involves forcefully closing the mouth and grinding food between the mouth

A

chewing

50
Q

masseters, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid

A

protraction of the mandible

51
Q

important in mastication and speech, also holds food in place

A

tongue

52
Q

protrudes the tongue

A

Genioglossus

53
Q

depresses the tongue

A

hyoglossus

54
Q

retracts the tongue

A

styloglossus

55
Q

elevates the tongue

A

palatoglossus

56
Q

muscles that extend, laterally flex, and rotate the vertebral column are divided into superficial and deep groups

A

trunk muscles

57
Q

what type of muscle are these:
-iliocostalis
-longissimus
-spinalis

A

back muscles

58
Q

mainly involved in breathing and helps air flow in the lungs

A

thoracic muscles

59
Q

muscle that flex and rotate the vertebral column

A

abdominal wall muscle

60
Q

muscles for scapular movement

A

upper limb muscles

61
Q

types of muscles for scapular movement

A

trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

62
Q

types of shoulder movement

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction of the shoulder

63
Q

“pecs”, upper chest muscle flexes the shoulder and adducts the arm

A

Pectoralis Major

64
Q

“swimmers muscle” medial rotation of arm, adduction of arm and extension of shoulder

A

latissimus dorsi

65
Q

triangular muscle of the shoulder that forms a round mass

A

deltoid

66
Q

a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint by keeping the head of humerus in glenoid of scapula

A

rotator cuff

67
Q

where does the rotation cuff sits on?

A

the humerus

68
Q

what are muscles in the arm

A

-biceps brachii
-brachialis
-coracobrachialis
-brachioradialis

69
Q

muscles of the forearm

A

-biceps brachii
supinator and pronator movements

70
Q

what are muscles in the hips

A

-iliacus and psoas major
-(iliopsoas) flexes the hip

71
Q

common site for injections

A

gluteus maximus “buttocks”

72
Q

abducts medial rotation of thigh

A

glateus medius

73
Q

longest muscle in the body, flexes hip and knee, lateral rotation of thigh

A

sartorius

74
Q

flexes hip, abducts and medial rotation of thigh

A

tensor fasciae latae

75
Q

types of hamstring muscles:

A

-biceps femoris
-semimembranosus
-semitendinosus

76
Q

type of muscle that flexes the knee and extends the hip

A

hamstring muscles

77
Q

calf muscle, forms bulge of calves, plantar flexion of ankle

A

Gastrocnemius

78
Q

tendons of achilles that inserts into the calcaneous

A

achilles tendon

79
Q

muscle underneath the gastrocnemius, plantar flexion of ankle

A

soleus

80
Q

dorsiflexion of the ankle

A

tibialis anterior

81
Q

elevates the mandible

A

Medial Pterygoid

82
Q

Depresses the mandible

A

Lateral Pterygoid

83
Q

retraction of the mandible

A

Temporalis

84
Q

what type of muscle changes the shape of the tongue?

A

Intrinsic muscles

85
Q

what muscle connects vertebrae to ribs

A

superficial muscles

86
Q

what muscle connects vertebrae to another vertebrae?

A

deep muscles

87
Q

what muscle contracts to maintain erect posture? list the type of muscles as well.

A

Erector Spinae
-Iliocostalis
-Longissimus
-Spinalis

88
Q

what muscles elevate the ribs, quiet inspiration

A

External Intercostals

89
Q

what muscles depresses the ribs, forced expiration

A

Internal Intercostals

90
Q

what muscle contracts during inspiration to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity?

A

Diaphragm

91
Q

what muscle elevates and supports pelvic floor?

A

Coccygeus

92
Q

what muscle elevates the anus?

A

Levator Ani

Anaphy (4 decks)

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