Endocrine system part 1

Question 1

Chemical co-ordination

Answer 1

Slow, prolonged process of communicating information throughout the body by way of hormones, secreted by the endocrine glands.

Question 2

Endocrine glands

Answer 2

vascular, ductless gland that secretes hormones which are carried in the bloodstream to the target organs

Question 3

Hormones

Answer 3

Organic chemical substance ,usually protein but sometimes steroid​ which is carried in bloodstream​ to the target organs​
(Don’t last long - broken down by enzymes​

Question 4

what are hormones secreted by

Answer 4

endocrine glands

Question 5

Endocrine glands​ examples

Answer 5

Hypothalamus​.
Pituitary gland/hypophysis.​
Thyroid gland​.
Adrenal glands.​
Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans - alpha and beta cells)​
Gonads (reproductive organs)​

Question 6

Exocrine gland

Answer 6

in ducts to where they are needed​

e.g. Salivary glands, liver, pancreas​

Question 7

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 7

above the pituitary gland

Question 8

what does the Hypothalamus​ control

Answer 8

the functioning of the autonomic nervous system​

and the release of hormones from the pituitary gland (oxytocin and ADH)

Question 9

what does the hypothalamus secrete

Answer 9

the Anti-diuretic hormone

Question 10

Where is the Anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin stored

Answer 10

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 11

what hormone does the hypothalamus produce

Answer 11

oxytocin

Question 12

What does the Anti-duiretic hormone do

Answer 12

ADH helps to conserve water if the body is dehydrated

by causing more water to be reabsorbed back into the blood from the collecting ducts of the kidney, so less water is lost in urine and it maintains the water volume in the body.

Thus maintaining water volume in the body

Question 13

How does the Hypothalamus control release of hormones

Answer 13

When hormones from the anterior lobe of pituitary gland is needed, the hypothalamus secretes releasing factors that travel in the blood to the anterior lobe, stimulating it to produce and release required hormones

When hormones stored in posterior lobe is needed, nerve impulses from hypothalamus stimulated posterior lobe to release stored hormones

Question 14

Pituitary gland

Answer 14

Chemical co-ordinator of most other endocrine glands - ‘master gland’, it secretes many hormones

Question 15

hypophysis

Answer 15

another name for the pituitary gland

Question 16

Where is the pituitary gland situated?

Answer 16

Turkish saddle

Question 17

two glands of the Pituitary gland lobes

Answer 17

Large anterior lobe and Small posterior lobe

Question 18

hormones in the small posterior lobe

Answer 18

ADH and Oxytocin

Question 19

hormones in the large posterior lobe

Answer 19

Growth hormone.
Thyroid stimulating hormone.
Follicle stimulating hormone.
Luteinizing hormone.
Prolactin.

Question 20

what is the Thyroid stimulating hormone secreted by

Answer 20

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 21

what does the Thyroid stimulating hormone do

Answer 21

TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete its hormone called thyroxin

Question 22

what is the Follicle stimulating hormone secreted by

Answer 22

the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 23

what does the Follicle stimulating hormone do in females

Answer 23

stimulates oogenesis in the ovary - the formation of the eggs

Question 24

oogenesis

Answer 24

the formation of the eggs

Question 25

what does the Follicle stimulating hormone do in males

Answer 25

stimulates spermatogenesis in the testis - formation of the sperm

Question 26

spermatogenesis

Answer 26

formation of the sperm

Question 27

what is the Luteinizing hormone secreted by

Answer 27

the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 28

What does luteinizing hormone do?

Answer 28

Stimulates ovulation (release of an egg) in females. Formation of corpus luteum.

Question 29

corpus luteum

Answer 29

mass of cells that forms in an ovary and is responsible for the production of the hormone progesterone during early pregnancy

Question 30

what is Prolactin secreted by

Answer 30

by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 31

what does Prolactin do

Answer 31

Stimulates the production of milk in the female mammary glands after birth of the baby and for as long as the baby is breastfeeding and Also responsible for the maternal instinct

Question 32

what does the adrenocorticotropic hormone do

Answer 32

Stimulates the adrenal cortex and Secrete the hormones cortisone and aldosterone

Question 33

what does the Interstitial cell stimulating hormone do

Answer 33

stimulates testes to secrete testosterone

Question 34

Hypersecretion

Answer 34

too much

Question 35

Hyposecretion

Answer 35

too little

Question 36

Growth hormone

Answer 36

Promotes skeletal and muscular growth - stimulates protein synthesis

Question 37

Gigantism

Answer 37

hypersecretion of growth hormone, caused by tumour in pituitary gland, very rare

Question 38

Pituitary dwarfism

Answer 38

hyposecretion of growth hormone, caused by disease of the anterior lobe, body proportions normal, just smaller

Question 39

Acromegaly

Answer 39

hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults, large hands, jawbone and brows

Question 40

Over-secretion as a child causes

Answer 40

Gigantism

Question 41

Under-secretion as a child causes

Answer 41

Dwarfism

Question 42

Over-secretion of growth hormone as an adult causes

Answer 42

Acromegaly

Question 43

acromegaly

Answer 43

Soft tissue begins to grow abnormally

Question 44

cause of acromegaly

Answer 44

tumour pressing on the pituitary