Endocrine system (multiple choice) Flashcards
The endocrine system includes one of the following glands:
The lacrimal glands
The sebaceous glands
The adrenal glands
The mammary glands
The adrenal glands
Which of the following is an endocrine secretion?
Pancreatic juice
Sebum
Gastrin
Pepsinogen
Gastrin
Lipid soluble hormones like the steroid hormones
Are produced in full by the liver
Are water soluble
Have G protein extracellular membrane receptors
Have intracellular receptors
Have intracellular receptors
Hormones are
All made of protein
Some made of protein and some cholesterol- based lipids
Some made of protein, others cholesterol- based lipids and others a mixture of protein and other elements
None of the above
Some made of protein, others cholesterol- based lipids and others a mixture of protein and other elements
An example of a hypothalamic hormone is below
GnRH
FSH
ACTH
LH
GnRH
An example of a hypothalamic hormone that will be stored in the posterior pituitary is:
Prolactin
ADH
ACTH
GnRH
ADH
The neurons from the hypothalamus that deliver hypothalamic hormones to the Anterior pituitary are:
Short neurons that deposit their cargo to blood vessels destined for the anterior pituitary
Short neurons that deposit their cargo to blood vessels destined for the pituitary lobes
Long neurons that deposit their cargo to blood vessels
Long neurons that deposit their cargo directly into the posterior lobe.
Short neurons that deposit their cargo to blood vessels destined for the anterior pituitary
Thyroid hormones are:
Thyroxine (T3 and T4) plus calcitriol
Thyroxine (T3 and T4) plus calmodulin
Thyroxine (T3 and T4) plus calcium
Thyroxine (T3 and T4) plus calcitonin
Thyroxine (T3 and T4) plus calcitonin
The adrenal medulla produces
Adrenalin
Adrenalin and cortisol
Cortisol
ACTH
Adrenalin
Which is true of the hormone insulin
It is made in the pancreatic Islets by the alpha cells and its purpose is to reduce circulating glucose by allowing its entry into the cells and liver.
It is made in the pancreatic Islets by the beta cells and its purpose is to reduce circulating glucose by allowing its entry into the cells and liver.
It is made in the pancreatic duct and its purpose is to increase circulating glucose by converting glycogen in the liver, back to glucose.
It is made in the clear cells of the pancreas and its purpose is to increase circulating glucose by converting glycogen in the muscles, back to glucose.
It is made in the pancreatic Islets by the beta cells and its purpose is to reduce circulating glucose by allowing its entry into the cells and liver.
Which of the following is true of calcitonin
Calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts, so prevents a rise in circulating calcium.
Calcitonin enhances the action of osteoblasts so increases circulating calcium.
PTH and Calcitonin inhibit osteoblasts, so prevents a raise in circulating calcium.
Calcitonin increases calcium absorption at the small intestine and prevents loss of calcium via the kidney.
Calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts, so prevents a rise in circulating calcium.
Thymosin is produced by the:
Thyroid, follicular cells
Thymus thymic epithelial cells
Adrenal cortex zona fasciculata
Thyroglobulin follicles
Thymus thymic epithelial cells
The pineal gland produces
Cortisol
Melanin
Melatonin
Leptin
Melatonin
Thyroxine is responsible for influencing which of the following organelles in the target cells:
Nucleus
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Hormonal and neuronal mechanisms are classed as:
Transport processes
International communication processes
Pheromonal processes
Nutritional processes
International communication processes
Aldosterone is produced by
The kidney
The adrenal cortex
The adrenal medulla
The thyroid
The adrenal cortex
The kidney produces
ADH
Erythropoietin
Aldosterone
The kidney produces no hormones
Erythropoietin
Which statement is true
The pituitary produces releasing hormones that trigger hypothalamic trophic hormone release, these in turn stimulate the endocrine target glands.
The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that trigger anterior lobe pituitary trophic hormone release, these in turn stimulate the endocrine target glands.
The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that trigger posterior lobe pituitary trophic hormone release, these in turn stimulate the endocrine target glands.
The hypothalamus produces trophic hormones that trigger the anterior lobe pituitary to produce releasing hormones, these in turn stimulate the endocrine target glands.
* A trophic H. is the same as a stimulating H
The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that trigger anterior lobe pituitary trophic hormone release, these in turn stimulate the endocrine target glands.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is responsible for
Maintaining adequate circulating calcium by enhancing
calcium absorption at the gut, enhancing renal clearance and enhancing osteoblast function.
Maintaining adequate circulating calcium by enhancing
calcium reabsorption at the level of the kidney, enhancing calcium absorption at the gut and inhibiting osteoclast function.
Maintaining adequate circulating calcium by enhancing
calcium reabsorption at the level of the kidney, enhancing calcium absorption at the gut and enhancing osteoclast function.
Maintaining adequate circulating calcium by decreasing calcium reabsorption at the level of the kidney, enhancing calcium absorption at the gut and inhibiting osteoclast function.
Maintaining adequate circulating calcium by enhancing calcium reabsorption at the level of the kidney, enhancing calcium absorption at the gut and enhancing osteoclast function.
Which hypothalamic hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary lobe.
ACTH and Oxytocin
ADH and Oxytocin
Prolactin and ADH
Oxytocin and Aldosterone
ADH and Oxytocin
The pineal gland secretes a hormone that
Regulates internal body temperature
Regulates blood pressure and sleep
Regulates circadian rhythms only
Regulates circadian rhythms, sleep patterns and has a minor contribution to reproductive patterns/cycles
Regulates circadian rhythms, sleep patterns and has a minor contribution to reproductive patterns/cycles
All the hypothalamic hormones have
a) A stimulatory role
b) Communicate with the pituitary in some way
c) Are mainly stimulatory, but some are inhibitory
d) B and C are correct
B and C are correct
The hormones are directly associated with stress are
Adrenalin and cortisol
Adrenalin and oxytocin
Cortisol and ADH
insulin and glucagon
Adrenalin and cortisol
Androgen manufacture in its entirety occurs in
Male gonads in males and adrenal cortex in females
Male (most) and female gonads (less) and adrenal cortex in females and males
Male gonads in males and adrenal cortex in males only
Male gonads only
Male (most) and female gonads (less) and adrenal cortex in females and males
Therapeutic insulin is injected not swallowed because
Insulin would be denatured by HCl and digested by pepsin
Insulin would be digested by lipases
Insulin would be denatured by HCl and digested by pancreatic amylase
Insulin would be emulsified by bile
Insulin would be denatured by HCl and digested by pepsin
