9 Endocrine system (QMP questions)

Question 1

When it becomes necessary to enlist the ‘flight’ or ‘flight’ response, a hormone that is released is:

angiotensinogen

adrenaline

oestrogen

renin

testosterone

Answer 1

adrenaline

Question 2

AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone ACTH:

stimulates the release of the thyroxine

stimulates adrenal glands to make cortisol

inhibits the release of FSH

causes the reabsorption of sodium by the kidney

is released from the posterior gland

Answer 2

stimulates adrenal glands to make cortisol

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is released by an endocrine gland in response to direct stimulation by the nervous system?

testosterone

insulin

glucagon

adrenaline (epinephrine)

cortisol

Answer 3

adrenaline (epinephrine)

Question 4

The two antagonistic hormones regulating blood calcium levels are

calcitonin and glucagon

ACTH and CRH

insulin and glucagon

PTH and calcitonin

glycogen and PTH

Answer 4

PTH and calcitonin

Question 5

A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that causes darkening of the skin is

GH

FSH

LH

MSH

ADH

Answer 5

MSH

Question 6

Which of the following endocrine glands is directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

adrenal medulla

thymus gland

thyroid gland

anterior pituitary gland

adrenal cortex

Answer 6

adrenal medulla

Question 7

Which of the following is an acute stress response?

Glycogenolysis

Digestive upregulation

Glycogenesis

Endocrine downregulation

Answer 7

Glycogenolysis

Question 8

The process in the body involved in the breakdown of materials is called?

metabolism

catabolism

homeostasis

cannibalism

anabolism

Answer 8

catabolism

Question 9

Following ingestion of a carbohydrate rich meal …….is released to stimulate the storage of glucose:

insulin

glucagon

parathyroid hormone

testosterone

thyroxine

Answer 9

insulin

Question 10

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are secreted from the

pancreas

pineal gland

posterior pituitary gland

anterior pituitary gland

thyroid gland

Answer 10

posterior pituitary gland

Question 11

Which of the following represent the normal blood glucose level /L

8-10 mM

0.5-3 mM

4-6 mM

14-18 nM

Answer 11

4-6 mM

Question 12

Growth hormone:

promotes long bone growth during the formative years

is also called somatostatin

is regulated by humoral mechanisms

secretion results in decreased muscle mass

is only present in the fetus

Answer 12

a promotes long bone growth during the formative years

Question 13

All of the following pituitary hormones are released in response to hypothalamic releasing hormones EXCEPT

antidiuretic hormone

growth hormone

thyroid-stimulating hormone

adrenocorticotropic hormone

follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer 13

antidiuretic hormone

Question 14

Aldosterone

increases sodium reabsorption

decreases sodium reabsorption

increases the blood concentration of potassium

is secreted by the neurohypophysis

increases urine production

Answer 14

increases sodium reabsorption

Question 15

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract:

connects the hypophyseal to the pituitary gland

is the site of prolactin synthesis

is partly contained in the infundibulum

is in the bladder

conducts aldosterone to the hypophysis

Answer 15

is partly contained in the infundibulum

Question 16

Which of the following physiological processes is controlled by positive feedback

control of blood pressure

regulation of blood sugar

maintenance of body temperature

initiation of blood clotting

control of breathing rate

Answer 16

initiation of blood clotting

Question 17

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus

travel by arteries to the pituitary

only affect the brain

enter the hepatic portal system, which feeds the pituitary

enter the venous circulation and travel to the heart first

first enter the hypophyseal portal system

Answer 17

first enter the hypophyseal portal system

Question 18

What is the alternative term for type two diabetes?

insulin sensitivity

insulin hyperactivity

insulin absence

insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome

Answer 18

insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome

Question 19

What is the name of the section of the peripheral nervous system associated with acute stress response?

The parasympathetic system

The sympathetic system

The cholinergic system

The somatic nervous system

Answer 19

The sympathetic system

Question 20

ACTH

causes the release of hormones from the adrenal gland

is not a tropic hormone

secretion is regulated by hypothalamic secretion

causes maturation of egg cells in the ovary

is secreted by the posterior pituitary

Answer 20

secretion is regulated by hypothalamic secretion

Question 21

Which of the following conditions are commonly linked to diabetes?

Cardiac arrhythmias

Pulmonary embolism

Vascular retinopathy

Liver cirrhosis

Answer 21

Vascular retinopathy

Question 22

What of the following hormones has a role to play in long term stress?

Glucagon

Cortisol

Oestrogen

Answer 22

Cortisol

Question 23

Why is stress and vascular damage linked?

Stress causes hypotension

Stress causes oedema

Stress causes tachycardia

Stress causes hypertension and upregulation of glycogenolysis

Answer 23

Stress causes hypertension and upregulation of glycogenolysis