Endocrine system - Hormones Flashcards
Gonadotropin RH (GnRH)
Location: hypothalamus
Function: stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release LH (Luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
Growth hormone RH (GHRH)
Location: Hypothalamus
Function: stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release GH (growth hormone)
Growth hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH) aka Somatostatin
Location: hypothalamus
Function: inhibits GH release from the anterior pituitary
Thyrotropin RH (TRH)
Location: Hypothalamus
Function: Stimulates anterior pituitary to release thyrotropin (TSH)
Prolactin RH (PRH)
Location: Hypothalamus
Function: Stimulates the anterior pituitary to release prolactin
Prolactin IH (PIH) aka Dopamine
Location: hypothalamus
Function: Inhibits the anterior pituitary from releasing prolactin
Corticotropin RH (CRH)
Location: Hypothalamus
Function: stimulates anterior pituitary to release ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Oxytocin (production)
Location: Hypothalamus
Target: uterus
Function: stimulate contractions and mammary glands for milk secretion
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - production
Location: Hypothalamus
Target: kidneys and blood vessels
Function: increase water retention
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Location: anterior lobe of pituitary gland
Target: thyroid
Function: secrete thyroid hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Location: anterior lobe of pituitary gland
Target: adrenal cortex
Function: stimulates release of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Growth hormone (GH)
Location: anterior lobe of pituitary gland
Target: muscle and bone
Function: stimulates growth
Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH)
Location: anterior lobe of pituitary
Target: gonads
Function: stimulates maturation of sperm cells and ovarian follicles
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Location: anterior lobe of pituitary gland
Target: gonads
Function: signals for production of sex hormones; stimulates ovulation in females
Prolactin (PRL)
Location: anterior lobe of pituitary gland
Target: mammary glands
Function: stimulates production of milk
Oxytocin (storage and release)
Location: posterior lobe of pituitary
Function: targets the uterus to stimulate contractions; targets the mammary glands to stimulate milk secretion
Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) - storage and release
Location: posterior lobe of pituitary
Target: kidneys and blood vessels
Function: increase water retention
Melatonin
Location: pineal gland
Function: targets the brain – regulates daily rhythm (wake and sleep)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Location: thyroid gland
Target: most cells
Function: stimulates cellular metabolism
Thyroxine (T4)
Location: thyroid gland
Target: most cells
Function: stimulates cellular metabolism
Calcitonin
Location: thyroid gland
Target: bones and kidneys
Function: lowers blood calcium
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Location: Parathyroid gland
Target: bones and kidneys
Function: raises blood calcium
Thymosin
Location: thymus gland
Target: lymphatic tissues
Function: stimulates the production of T-cells
Insulin
Location: pancreas, beta cells
Target: liver, muscle, and adipose tissue
Function: lowers blood glucose levels
Glucagon
Location: pancreas, alpha cells
Target: liver
Function: increases blood glucose
Growth Hormone IH (Somatostatin)
Location: pancreas
Function: inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Location: Adrenal medulla
Target: heart, blood vessels, liver, and lungs
Function: increase HR, increase blood sugar (fight or flight response)
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Location: adrenal cortex
Target: kidneys
Function: increase Na+ retention, increase K+ excretion
Glucocorticoids
Location: adrenal cortex
Target: most tissues
Function: released in response to long-term stressors, increase blood glucose
Androgens
Location: adrenal cortex
Target: most tissues
Function: stimulate development of secondary sex characteristics
Gastrin
Location: GI Tract
Target: stomach
Function: stimulate release of HCl
Secretin
Location: GI Tract
Target: pancreas, liver
Function: stimulate the release of digestive enzymes and bile
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Location: GI Tract
Target: pancreas, liver
Function: stimulates release of digestive enzymes and bile
Erythropoietin
Location: Kidneys
Target: bone marrow
Function: stimulate production of RBCs
Calcitriol
Location: kidneys
Target: intestines
Function: increase reabsorption of Ca2+
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Location: Heart
Target: kidneys, adrenal cortex –
Function: reduce reabsorption of Na+, lowers blood pressure
Leptin
Location: adipose tissue
Target: brain
Function: suppresses appetite
Estrogen
Location: Ovaries, placenta
Targets: uterus, ovaries, mammary glands, brains, and other tissues
Function: stimulate uterine lining growth, regulates menstrual cycle, facilitates development of secondary sex characteristics
Progesterone
Location: Ovaries, placenta
Target: uterus, mammary glands
Function: stimulate uterine lining growth, regulates menstrual cycle, required for maintenance of pregnancy
Inhibin
Location: ovaries, placenta, testes
Target: anterior pituitary
Function: inhibits release of FSH
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Location: Placenta
Target: ovaries
Function: stimulate production of estrogen and progesterone
Testosterone
Location: testes
Target: testes, other tissues
Function: promotes spermatogenesis, secondary sex characteristics
