Endocrine System Drill

Question 1

Characteristics of Polypeptide hormone activity

Answer 1

• Target organ is distant from site of release
• Transmission via blood circulation
• Cellular effects often require protein kinase activity
• They are large and hydrophilic so they cant pass through a cell membrane

Question 2

The rate of oxidative metabolism is measured using a basal metabolic rate (BMR) test. If a subject has hyperthyroidism, the rate

Answer 2

will be above normal

-Patients with hyperthyroidism produce excess amounts of thyroid hormone, thus increasing their BMR.

Question 3

what does the adrenal cortex do

Answer 3

Primarily makes cortisol and aldosterone

Question 4

Which of the following perform endocrine functions
        A.  Thyroid
   	B.  Testes
   	C.  Pancreas
   	D.  Liver

Answer 4

A. B. C. - YES - The pancreas (secretes insulin and glucagon), testes (secrete testosterone), and thyroid (secretes thyroxine) are all endocrine glands.

D. - NO - The liver is an exocrine gland, secreting bile into a duct that travels to the duodenum. Note that the pancreas has exocrine functions in addition to its endocrine role; it synthesizes enzymes and releases them into the duodenum via a duct.

Question 5

What are some of the effects of the parathyroid hormone?

Answer 5

Primary role of PTH is to increase free calcium levels in the blood

• it promotes osteoclast activity, compared to osteoblast activity
• It increases bone resorption.
• It decreases phosphate excretion in kidneys.

Question 6

Which hormones are released in the posterior pituitary

Answer 6

oxytocin and ADH

Question 7

All of the following hormone receptors contain transmembrane domains EXCEPT:
	A.  calcitonin receptors.
   	B.  growth hormone receptors.
   	C.  cortisol receptors. 
   	D.  cholecystokinin receptors.

Answer 7

C. Cortisol Receptors - it is a steroid hormone; its receptor would be found in the cytoplasm and would not contain a transmembrane domain.

the others are peptide hormones that bind to cell surface receptors embedded within the plasma membrane and trigger a cascade of effects within the cell.

Question 8

What hormones are small and hydrophobic and can freely diffuse through the plasma membrane?

Answer 8

steroids