Chapter 6 Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What are all the parts of the eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

Golgi Apparatus
nuclear pore
nucleus
nucleolus
centriole
smooth ER 
rough ER
cytoplasm
ribosomes
plasma membrane
mitocondria
peroxisome
lysosome

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

contain and protect DNA; transcription; partial assembly of ribosomes

Question 3

mitochondria

Answer 3

produce ATP via the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

RER

Answer 4

location of synthesis/modification of secretory, membrane bound, and organelle protiens

Question 5

SER

Answer 5

detoxification and glycogen breakdown in liver; steroid synthesis in gonads

Question 6

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 6

modification and sorting of protein, some synthesis

Question 7

lysosomes

Answer 7

contain acid hydrolases that digest various substances

Question 8

peroxisomes

Answer 8

metabolize lipids and toxins using H2O

Question 9

Molarity (M)

-affected by temp?

Answer 9

#moles of solute / #liters of solution
-yes: volume is affected by temp

Question 10

Molality (m)

-affected by temp?

Answer 10

#moles of solute / #moles of volume
-No, conservation of mass means it is not affected by temp change

Question 11

Electrolytes

Answer 11

free ions in a solution as a result of dissolving an ionic substance

Question 12

Strong
Weak - electrolytes
non

Answer 12

• strong are solutes that dissociate completely
• weak remain ion paired to some extent
• non are covalent compounds that don’t dissociate into ions

Question 13

what do colligative properties depend on

Answer 13

it depends on the ‘number’ of solute particles in the solution rather than the ‘type’ of particle

Question 14

what are the colligative properties

-with the addition of solute

Answer 14

vapor pressure depression
boiling point elevation
freezing point depression
osmotic pressure increases

Question 15

diffusion

Answer 15

tendency for liquids and gasses to fully occupy the available volume

Question 16

osmosis

Answer 16

the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell’s semipermeable membrane.

Question 17

isotonic

Answer 17

the solute concentration is the same inside and outside

Question 18

hypotonic

Answer 18

a solution has less total dissolved solutes

Question 19

hypertonic

Answer 19

solution has more total dissolved solutes

Question 20

osmotic pressure

Answer 20

the pressure it would take to stop osmosis from occurring

TT = MiRT

Question 21

passive transport

Answer 21

biochemical term for diffusion

• any thermodynamically favorable movement of solute across a membrane
• composed of simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion

Question 22

simple diffusion

Answer 22

diffusion of a solute through a membrane without help from a protein

• works well for small and hydrophobic
• pass right through cell membrane and move down gradient
• example: CO2, O2, steroid

Question 23

facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

movement of solute across a membrane , down a gradient, when the membrane itself is intrinsically impermeable to that solute
-small hydrophilic molecules that need help of a channel or carrier protein

Question 24

active transport

Answer 24

the movement of molecules through the plasma membrane against a gradient
-uses ATP directly

Question 25

Na+/K+ ATPase

Answer 25

Na+/K+ transmembrane protein in the plasma membrane
-salty banana (Na+ on outside filled with K+ on inside)
-the activity provided by this is it pumps 3 Na+ out and 2K+ in
Summary
1) maintain osmotic balance between cellular interior and exterior
2) establish the resting membrane potential
3) provident the sodium concentration gradient used to drive secondary active transport

Question 26

exocytosis

Answer 26

a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.