Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 111 > Endocrine System Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Endocrine System Chapter 13 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Endocrine

A

Includes cells, tissues, and organs (collectively called endocrine glands) secretes hormones which act on target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Local hormones

A

Paracrine hormone

Autocrine hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Paracrine hormone

A

Released into interstitial for local action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Autocrine hormone

A

affect only the secreting cell (or self)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hormone

A

a biochemical secreted by a cell to affect the function of other cells (or itself) by means of contact or blood transport to these target cells with specific receptors of proteins or glycoprotiens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functions of hormones

A

Regulate metabolic processes
control rates of some chemical reactions
Aid in transport through membranes
Regulate water balance, electrolyte balance, BP, reproduction and growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of hormones

A

Steroid and nonsteroidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Steroid

A

Synthesized from cholesterol. Soluble in lipids, diffuse into cells to activate genes on DNA to synthesize specific proteins or can inhibit genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Produced in a wide variety of cells; regulate neighboring cells (paracrine secretions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Actions of hormones

A

Alter metabolic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nonsteroid

A

a hormone that is the first messenger. binds to specific receptor molecule complex on the membrane. This causes its activity site to chemically alter the membrane transport mechanisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Control

A

three different systems but all employ negative feedback. Hormones have half live.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Three control systems

A

Hormonal
Nervous
Vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hormonal

A

Hypothalamus->ant pituitary: releases tropic (influencing) hormones stimulating other endocrine glands to release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nervous

A

nervous system-> some endocrine glands directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vascular

A

plasma levels-> some endocrine glands directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pituitary

A

At the base of the brain, attached to the hypothalamus via infundibulum. Lies in the sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anterior chemical hormonal

A

the hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones which are carried to the pituitary via the hypophyseal portal veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

5 types of secretory cells in the pituitary

A 
Growth (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid stimulating (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
Follicle Stimulating (FSH)
Luteinizing (LH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Growth hormone

A

(somatotropin) stimulates cells to enlarge and rapidly divide, enhances protein synthesis and amino acid transfer through cell membranes. Released if protein deficiency or loooooooooow glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thyroid stimulating (TSH)

A

Excess levels lead to goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)

A

Acts on adrenal cortex

24
Q

Follicle stimulating (FSH)

A

Growth and development of follicles to secrete estrogen and mature eggs/sperm production

25
Q

Luteinizing (LH)

A

Promotes secretion of sex hormones

26
Q

Posterior (pituitary)

A

production via neurosecretory cells,, control via hypothalamus electrically

27
Q

Antidiuretic (ADH)

A

Decrease urine urine formation and cause vasoconstriction because there are two different receptors on target cells

28
Q

Oxytocin (OT)

A

Smooth muscle contraction, mild antidiuretic

29
Q

Thryoid

A

removes iodine from the blood for producing (T3 and T4) which regulate the metabolism of CHO, proteins and fats

30
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A

regulates BMR, 95%

31
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Regulates BMR, 5X stronger

32
Q

Calcitonin

A

Lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts and stimulating osteoblasts and increasing kidney excretion

33
Q

Graves

A

Autoimmune disease
Antibodies bind to TSH receptors, gets stimulated = overactive thyroid. 24/7 will produce thyroid hormones making a goiter

34
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

BMR is up
Can’t sit down
Low weight
Will have a goiter

35
Q

Infantile

A 
under active infant
metabolism slows down
creatinism
stunted growth
Mental retardation
Sluggish
Irreversible
36
Q

Parathyroid (PTH)

A

increase blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts and inhibiting osteoblasts and decreasing kidney excretion

37
Q

Adrenal

A

medulla: sympathetically wired

38
Q

Epiephrine

A

(Adrenalin) Fight/Flight, increased HR, BP, breathing,

39
Q

Nonepiephrine

A

(nonadrenalin) fight/flight

40
Q

Aldosterone

A

water retention by conserving sodium ions

41
Q

Renin-Angiotensin system

A

if BP drops, the kidney releases renin which decomposes angiotensinogen releasing angiotensin I. stimulates the release of aldosterone

42
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

treats hypertension by blocking formation of angiotensin II.

43
Q

Cortisol

A

stimulates glucose synthesis from non carbs (gluconeogenesis)

44
Q

Androgens

A

supplement gonads some are converted into estrogens

45
Q

Cushings

A

comes from ACTH over stimulated adrenal cortex
elevated blood glucose
increase NA retention

46
Q

Pancreas

A

contains both exocrine gland tissue and endocrine tissue. Endocrine portion consists of 3 kinds of secreting cells that make up the pancreatic islets

47
Q

2 kinds of secreting cells in the pancreas

A

Glucagon

Insulin

48
Q

Glucagon

A
  1. ) Glycogen into glucose
  2. ) Converts nonCHO into glucose
  3. ) Catabolize fats (breaks down to get more energy)
49
Q

Insulin

A
  1. ) Glucose into glycogen (decrease sugar levels)
  2. ) inhibits nonCHO into glucose
  3. ) Facilitate diffuision of glucose into cells
  4. ) Amino Acids into cells
  5. ) Increases protein synthesis
  6. ) Adipose synthesis and storage of fat
50
Q

Hyperglacemia

A

blood sugars increased

51
Q

Protein synthesis

A

blood sugars decrease

52
Q

Fat synthesis

A

blood sugars decrease, drops

53
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Juvenile, beta cells are wiped out

54
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

40 and older
overweight progressively loose insulin receptors
(under exercise, over eating, hereditary)

55
Q

Pineal

A

melatonin, nerve impulses from optic nerve eventually reach pineal gland causing a decrease in production. Part of the regulation of circarian rhythms

56
Q

Thymus

A

behind sternum. Thymosins: wbc production and differentiation

57
Q

Reproductive Glands

A

ovaries and testes

Biology 111 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions