Endocrine System Flashcards
Master gland
anterior pituitary
anterior pituitary hormones
FLAG PT
FSH LH ACTH GH PRL TSH
GH hormone imbalance in adults
acromegaly
GH hormone imbalance in children
gigantism
posterior pituitary hormones
oxytocin, ADH (antidiuretic)
thyroid gland hormones
TH, Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin
Parathyroid gland hormones
PTH- parathyroid hormone
adrenal cortex hormones
mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, gonacorticoids
ADH hormone imbalance
Diabetes Insipidus
Hirsutism
gonadocorticoid hormone imbalance
pancreas hormones
insulin (B cells) and glucagon (a cells)
insulin
decreases blood sugar
glucagon
increases glucose
insulin hormone imbalance
hypo- diabetes mellitus
hyper- hypoglycemia
gonad hormones
testosterone -male
estrogen and progesterone- female
thymus hormones
thymosin, thymulin, thymopoietins
pineal gland hormones
melatonin
what organ secretes the hormone ANP and what is the function
the heart contains endocrine cells that secrete atrial (ANP)
main function is to lower blood pressure and to control electrolyte homeostasis
Oxytocin
important for labor contractions in the uterus and ejection of milk from the mammary glands.
Antidiuretic hormone
important for water conservation and preventing dehydration.
adenohypophysis
The anterior pituitary gland is also known as
WATER-SOLUBLE HORMONES
antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin, growth hormone, insulin.
epinephrine, norepinephirne, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3)
LIPID-SOLUBLE HORMONES
testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, aldosterone, cortisol, calcitriol.
HUMORAL STIMULI
The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone in response to a decrease in blood calcium concentration.
The pancreas secretes insulin in response to elevated blood glucose.
NEURAL STIMULI
Physical or emotional stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, causing it to send nerve impulses to the adrenal gland’s medulla, stimulating the release of epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%).
Nerve impulses from the hypothalamus stimulate the release of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis).
HORMNAL STIMULI
Thyrotorpin Releasing Hormone is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). As the blood concentration of T4 and T3 increases, secretion of TSH is inhibited. This is an example of a negative feedback loop.
