Endocrine System Flashcards
Hormones fall into 3 major classes:
- Polypeptides
- Steroids
- Amines
Protein Kinase A
- Inhibition of glycogen synthesis
- Promotion of glycogen breakdown
Endocrine glands
Endocrine cells are often grouped in ductless organs
- Thyroid gland
- Pineal gland
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland
- Parathyroid glands
- Adrenal glands
- Ovaries
- Pancreas
- Testes
Hypothalamus Hormones
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF): stimulates release of ACTH from pituitary gland; many other hormones regulate release of pituitary hormones
Thyroid gland hormones
Thyroxine: increases metabolic rate; promotes growth
Calcotinin: decreases blood calcium in children
Adrenal glands hormones
Epinephrine: Many effects related to short-term stress response
Cortisol: many effects related to long-term stress response
Aldosterone: increases reabsorption of sodium by kidneys
Testes hormones
Testosterone: regulates development & maintenance of secondary sex characteristics in males
Anterior Pituitary gland hormones
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): promotes reabsorption of H2O by kidneys
Growth hormone (GH): stimulates growth
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): stimulates thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): stimulates adrenal glands to secrete glucocorticoids
Several other hormones regulate reproductive organs
Parathyroid gland hormones
Parathyroid hormone (PTH): increase blood calcium
Kindey hormones
Erythropoietin (EPO): increases synthesis of red blood cells
Pancreas hormones
Insulin: decreases blood glucose
Glucagon: increases blood glucose
Ovaries hormones
Estradiol: regulates development & maintenance of secondary sex characteristics in females
Posterior pituitary hormones
ADH & Oxytocin
Anterior pituitary hormones
FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, Prolactin, MSH, GH
